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小RNA(miRNA)是免疫系统的重要调节物,免疫细胞的谱系发育、增殖、分化、迁移和效应作用均受到miRNA的调控。miRNA主要通过靶作用于转录因子的mRNA形成复杂而精细的调控网络,不同的Th亚群受不同miRNA的调节,同时,某些miRNA如miR-155、miR-146a、miR-17-92簇等也可在多个不同的辅助T(Th)细胞亚群中起特定的调控作用,维持这些Th细胞亚群之间的分化平衡。miRNA的异常表达将导致Th细胞亚群之间的分化平衡被打破或功能失调,从而引发炎症或自身免疫性疾病。本文就免疫应答过程中miRNA对初始CD4+T细胞的活化及Th细胞亚群分化的重要调节作用进行综述。
Small RNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of the immune system. The development, proliferation, differentiation, migration and effector functions of immune cells are regulated by miRNAs. MiRNAs mainly form complex and fine regulatory networks by target mRNA acting on transcription factors. Different Th subsets are regulated by different miRNAs. Some miRNAs such as miR-155, miR-146a, miR-17-92, etc. Can also play a specific regulatory role in a number of different subsets of helper T (Th) cells, maintaining the balance of differentiation among these Th cell subsets. Aberrant expression of miRNAs causes the balance of differentiation between Th cell subsets to be broken or dysfunctional, leading to inflammation or autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in the regulation of naive CD4 + T cells and Th cell subsets in the immune response.