论文部分内容阅读
绪言比较语言学的目的是了解语言的历史。印欧比较语言学权威阿·梅耶(A.Meillet)指出:“就语言来讲,要想了解它的历史,唯一可能的手段就是比较的访求。”所谓语言的历史,不外乎是语言所经历的变化。在时间的长河里,语言在不断地变化着,这种变化涉及到语言的语音、语法、词汇、句子结构等一切领域。具体地讲,语言的变化体现在构成语言体系的要素——语音、词缀、词尾、单词等——的变化上。这里指的是这些要素或者消失,或者和其它要素交替,或者是组合进另外的全新要素的现象。
Introduction The purpose of comparative linguistics is to understand the history of languages. A. Meillet, the linguistic authority of Indo-European comparative linguistics, points out: “In terms of language, the only possible means of understanding its history is comparative interrogation.” The history of so-called languages is nothing more than language The changes experienced. In the long river of time, the language is constantly changing, this change involves the language of speech, grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure and all other fields. Specifically, the changes in the language are reflected in the changes that make up the elements of the language system - speech, affixes, suffixes, words, etc. This refers to the disappearance of these elements, or alternate with other elements, or the combination of other new elements of the phenomenon.