锑广泛应用于工业中,在电子半导体和热电器件等方面有重要用途,全世界约25个国家有锑的生产,美国每年总产量约为35,000吨。NIOSH估计美国约有140万工人在职业环境中接触锑,主要是锑合金、氧化锑和硫化锑。 一、职业性锑中毒的流行病学 Ramazzini于1713年首次提出锑的职业危害,1910年McWalter认为印刷工人的许多特有的疾病是由于锑而不是铅。后陆续报道职业性接触锑对皮肤、粘膜、心、肝等的损害均与非职业性锑中毒的表现相似。 Renes(1953)报道对硫化锑采矿及溶炼作业工人的调查,6名重度接触熔炼烟气的急性中毒者胸部X线显示从两侧肺门向外呈扇形扩展的肺炎所见,但未见周围实质性肺损害,也可致腹绞痛、腹泻、呕吐、眩晕及头痛等全身反应。空气中平均锑浓度约11毫克/立方米,砷浓 Antimony is widely used in industry and has an important use in electronic semiconductors and thermoelectric devices. Antimony is produced in about 25 countries around the world. The total annual output of antimony in the United States is about 35,000 tons. NIOSH estimates that about 1.4 million workers in the United States are exposed to antimony in occupational settings, mainly antimony, antimony and antimony sulfides. First, the epidemiology of occupational antimony poisoning Ramazzini first proposed in 1713 occupational hazards of antimony, McWalter in 1910 that many of the printing workers unique disease is due to antimony rather than lead. Subsequent reports of occupational exposure to antimony on the skin, mucous membranes, heart, liver and other damage are similar to the performance of non-professional antimony poisoning. Renes (1953) reported a survey of workers antimony sulfide mining and smelting operations in which chest radiographs of 6 acute poisoners who were heavily exposed to smelter smoke were seen in pneumonias flared outwardly from both flanks of the hilum but not seen Substantial lung damage around, but also cause abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness and headache and other systemic reactions. The average concentration of antimony in the air is about 11 mg / m3, arsenic concentration