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中央集权下的封建文官制度,乃是一个巨大的磁场,处于其中的庶民乃是天子都无法置身事外,最终沦为制度的牺牲品。《万历十五年》中叙及的人物中,最为典型的示例如首相张居正,清官海瑞,以及名士李贽等。从明清历史来看,无论经由何种途径来促进社会历史的向前发展,总得有人或集团来承受或担当历史的点滴进步所相应的“惩罚”与代价,通过无数仁人志士的牺牲,以量变促进质变,不断推进历史向前发展,最终在推翻守旧制度的废墟上,重建新的制度,竭力避免历史悲剧的重演。
The feudal civil official system under the centralized power was a huge magnetic field, and the common people in it were unable to stay out of the affairs of the emperor and eventually became victims of the system. Of the characters referred to in “Wanli Fifteen Years”, the most typical examples are Prime Minister Zhang Juzheng, Qing Guan Hai Rui and celebrities Li Kui. From the perspective of the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, no matter by what means to promote the development of social history, some people or groups must bear or bear the corresponding punishment and cost of historical improvement. Through the sacrifices of numerous beneitors, In order to promote qualitative change with quantitative change, we should continue to promote the development of history and finally rebuild the new system on the ruins of the conservative system and try its best to avoid the repetition of historical tragedies.