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摘要[目的]明确双季机插晚稻适宜的播种量,为水稻机插秧技术推广应用提供参考对机插晚稻秧秧苗素质、分蘖动态、生育期和经济性状的影响。[结果]不同播量对机插双季晚稻秧苗素质、分蘖能力、生育期和产量均有不同程度的影响。随着播种量的增加,秧苗素质、茎蘖成穗率、有效穗数、每穗粒数、实粒数和千粒重均呈下降趋势,水稻植株全生育期有所缩短。水稻产量随播种量的增加而增加,各处理间产量差异明显。[结论]在该研究中,H优518和陆两优996作双季晚稻机插栽培时,关键词机插晚稻;播种量;秧苗素质;经济性状
中图分类号S511文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08118-03
Effects of Different Seeding Sowing Amount on the Growth and Development and Economic Traits of Late Rice with Machine Transplanting
YI Guangming, LI Hong et al(Huage Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station of Nanxian County, Nanxian, Hunan 413200; Nanxian County Agricultural bureau, Nanxian, Hunan 413200)
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to confirm on the suitable sowing amount of double season and late rice with machine transplanting, and provide a reference for promotion and use of rice machinetransplanted seedling technology. [Method] The effects of different sowing amount(22.5, 37.5, 52.5, 60.0 kg/hm2) on the seedlings quality, the tillering dynamics, the growth period and the economic traits of late rice with machine transplanting H you 518 and Luliangyou 996. [Result] Different sowing amount had different level effects on the seedlings quality, the tillering dynamics, the growth period and the yield of double season and late rice with machine transplanting. With the increasing of sowing amount, the seedlings quality, the earbearing tiller percentage, the efficient panicles, the grains per panicle, the actual grains and the 1 000kernel weight all showed decreasing trend, and the whole grow period cut down. Rice yield increased with sowing amount rising, and had significant difference among all treatments. [Conclusion] In this study, the suitable sowing amount of H you 518 and Luliangyou 996 is 52.5 kg/hm2 when they are used as the double season and late rice with machine transplanting.
Key wordsLate rice with machine transplanting; Sowing amount; Seedlings quality; Economic traits
随着农村劳动力大量转移和土地流转的加快,种粮大户、家庭农场的发展壮大,水稻生产用工矛盾十分突出。目前,在水稻生产中,不同育苗移栽方式有着各自的不足之处,如人工移栽缺劳力、水稻直播有风险等。根据社会的发展趋势,水稻生产机械化尤其是水稻栽插机械化是我国种植机械化的重要方向之一,是水稻生产机械化、集约化、规模化及产业化的重要途径[1-2]。近年来,水稻机械化插秧发展较快,推广应用面积逐步增加,但在推广应用过程中也出现了不少问题。水稻机插秧高产稳产的关键是培育整齐一致、生长健壮、秧龄适宜的秧苗[3-4]。因此,笔者以H优518和陆两优996为供试品种,开展双季晚稻机械插秧秧苗素质、分蘖能力、生育期和产量等方面的研究,以期明确双季机插晚稻适宜的播种量,为水稻机插秧技术推广应用提供参考。
1材料与方法
3结论与讨论
3.1结论该试验结果表明,不同播量处理对机插双季晚稻秧苗素质、茎蘖动态、生育期和产量均有一定的影响。在该试验条件下,H优518和陆两优996作双季晚稻机插栽培时,播种量以52.5 kg/hm2为宜。
3.2讨论在洞庭湖区机插双季晚稻若要获得高产稳产需注意以下几个方面的关键技术。
3.2.1 选好品种,控制秧龄。洞庭湖区机插双季晚稻在品种选择上以选择生育期在108 d之内的中熟偏早的杂交晚稻品种为宜(如H优518、H优636),适时播种,确保安全齐穗,并且秧龄控制在22 d之内。
3.2.2 科学整田。洞庭湖区机插大田宜选用履带式旋耕机旋田,采用该种旋耕机作业不会破坏稻田犁底层,也避免了轮式旋耕机因旋耕较深造成插秧機陷机。同时,大田要干旋水整,浅翻平整,田要整平(田面高低不超过3 cm),表土上细下粗,细而不糊。
3.2.5合理管水。机械双季晚稻由于秧苗小,根系少,机插浅且植伤重,在水管理上应采用“无水浅插,浅控结合”的原则。即在机插时“五花水”插秧,返青期、分蘖期、孕穗期与抽穗期进行浅水灌溉,一次灌水2~3 cm,自然落干后2~3 d再进行灌溉,做到“前水不见后水”、“陈水不干后水不上”。分蘖末期、乳熟期和黄熟期采取控灌的方法,即进行湿润灌溉。
安徽农业科学2014年参考文献
[1] 程建平,罗锡文,樊启洲,等.不同种植方式对水稻生育特性和产量的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2010,29(1):1-5.
[2] 程建平,吴建平,王友根,等.机插对籼型杂交水稻生育特性和产量的影响[J].中国农机化,2009(6):45-48.
[3] 池忠志,姜心禄,郑家国.不同种植方式对水稻产量的影响及其经济效益比较[J].作物杂志,2008(2):73-75.
[4] 金军,薛艳凤,于林惠,等.水稻不同种植方式群体质量差异比较[J].中国稻米,2006(6):31-33.
中图分类号S511文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08118-03
Effects of Different Seeding Sowing Amount on the Growth and Development and Economic Traits of Late Rice with Machine Transplanting
YI Guangming, LI Hong et al(Huage Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station of Nanxian County, Nanxian, Hunan 413200; Nanxian County Agricultural bureau, Nanxian, Hunan 413200)
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to confirm on the suitable sowing amount of double season and late rice with machine transplanting, and provide a reference for promotion and use of rice machinetransplanted seedling technology. [Method] The effects of different sowing amount(22.5, 37.5, 52.5, 60.0 kg/hm2) on the seedlings quality, the tillering dynamics, the growth period and the economic traits of late rice with machine transplanting H you 518 and Luliangyou 996. [Result] Different sowing amount had different level effects on the seedlings quality, the tillering dynamics, the growth period and the yield of double season and late rice with machine transplanting. With the increasing of sowing amount, the seedlings quality, the earbearing tiller percentage, the efficient panicles, the grains per panicle, the actual grains and the 1 000kernel weight all showed decreasing trend, and the whole grow period cut down. Rice yield increased with sowing amount rising, and had significant difference among all treatments. [Conclusion] In this study, the suitable sowing amount of H you 518 and Luliangyou 996 is 52.5 kg/hm2 when they are used as the double season and late rice with machine transplanting.
Key wordsLate rice with machine transplanting; Sowing amount; Seedlings quality; Economic traits
随着农村劳动力大量转移和土地流转的加快,种粮大户、家庭农场的发展壮大,水稻生产用工矛盾十分突出。目前,在水稻生产中,不同育苗移栽方式有着各自的不足之处,如人工移栽缺劳力、水稻直播有风险等。根据社会的发展趋势,水稻生产机械化尤其是水稻栽插机械化是我国种植机械化的重要方向之一,是水稻生产机械化、集约化、规模化及产业化的重要途径[1-2]。近年来,水稻机械化插秧发展较快,推广应用面积逐步增加,但在推广应用过程中也出现了不少问题。水稻机插秧高产稳产的关键是培育整齐一致、生长健壮、秧龄适宜的秧苗[3-4]。因此,笔者以H优518和陆两优996为供试品种,开展双季晚稻机械插秧秧苗素质、分蘖能力、生育期和产量等方面的研究,以期明确双季机插晚稻适宜的播种量,为水稻机插秧技术推广应用提供参考。
1材料与方法
3结论与讨论
3.1结论该试验结果表明,不同播量处理对机插双季晚稻秧苗素质、茎蘖动态、生育期和产量均有一定的影响。在该试验条件下,H优518和陆两优996作双季晚稻机插栽培时,播种量以52.5 kg/hm2为宜。
3.2讨论在洞庭湖区机插双季晚稻若要获得高产稳产需注意以下几个方面的关键技术。
3.2.1 选好品种,控制秧龄。洞庭湖区机插双季晚稻在品种选择上以选择生育期在108 d之内的中熟偏早的杂交晚稻品种为宜(如H优518、H优636),适时播种,确保安全齐穗,并且秧龄控制在22 d之内。
3.2.2 科学整田。洞庭湖区机插大田宜选用履带式旋耕机旋田,采用该种旋耕机作业不会破坏稻田犁底层,也避免了轮式旋耕机因旋耕较深造成插秧機陷机。同时,大田要干旋水整,浅翻平整,田要整平(田面高低不超过3 cm),表土上细下粗,细而不糊。
3.2.5合理管水。机械双季晚稻由于秧苗小,根系少,机插浅且植伤重,在水管理上应采用“无水浅插,浅控结合”的原则。即在机插时“五花水”插秧,返青期、分蘖期、孕穗期与抽穗期进行浅水灌溉,一次灌水2~3 cm,自然落干后2~3 d再进行灌溉,做到“前水不见后水”、“陈水不干后水不上”。分蘖末期、乳熟期和黄熟期采取控灌的方法,即进行湿润灌溉。
安徽农业科学2014年参考文献
[1] 程建平,罗锡文,樊启洲,等.不同种植方式对水稻生育特性和产量的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2010,29(1):1-5.
[2] 程建平,吴建平,王友根,等.机插对籼型杂交水稻生育特性和产量的影响[J].中国农机化,2009(6):45-48.
[3] 池忠志,姜心禄,郑家国.不同种植方式对水稻产量的影响及其经济效益比较[J].作物杂志,2008(2):73-75.
[4] 金军,薛艳凤,于林惠,等.水稻不同种植方式群体质量差异比较[J].中国稻米,2006(6):31-33.