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过去相当长一段时期 ,美国的田纳西河流域开发与管理 ( TVA) ,一直被认为是成功的模式 ,而在全世界广泛推广应用 ,但由于其通过大坝控制河流的方法所带来的一些对河流生态的负面影响 ,而受到怀疑。 90年代以来 ,澳大利亚的墨累 -达令河整体流域管理 ,被认为是可持续发展趋势下流域整体综合开发和协调管理的成功模式而备受推崇 ,它也是目前世界上最大的整体流域管理项目。通过对该流域基本情况、管理特征、机构发展以及成就等多方面的介绍 ,总结了其成功的经验和模式 ,为我国河流的整体流域管理研究提供可借鉴的思想和方法。
For some time in the past, the Tennessee River Basin Development and Management (TVA) in the United States has long been considered as a successful model and has been widely applied all over the world. However, due to some of the problems brought by its method of controlling rivers by dams The negative impact of river ecology is under suspicion. Since the 1990s, the overall management of the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia has been regarded as a successful model for overall integrated development and coordinated management of the basin under the trend of sustainable development. It is also the largest integrated watershed management project in the world . Through summarizing the basic situation, management characteristics, development and accomplishments of the river basin, this paper summarizes the successful experiences and models, and provides ideas and methods for the study of the overall river basin management in our country.