文蛤的底质选择性及潜沙能力研究

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底质是底栖贝类完成生活史的主要生境,文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)是一种具有较高经济价值的海洋双壳贝类,为了进一步了解文蛤的生态行为学,揭示文蛤对不同类型底质的选择及其潜沙能力,在室内实验条件下,研究了大[(4.90±0.18)cm]、中[(2.72±0.12)cm]、小[(1.13±0.13)cm]3种规格的文蛤对4种底质类型(纯沙质底、3/4沙+1/4泥、1/2沙+1/2泥、1/4沙+3/4泥)的选择性并量化了其潜沙能力。结果表明:实验过程中未出现文蛤死亡,说明3种规格的文蛤在各个底质组合方式实验组中对底质均具有一定的选择性,沙质含量高的底质是各个规格文蛤的优先选择,且其选择能力随着个体规格的增加而增强;文蛤的潜沙率、下潜深度随着文蛤规格的减小而减小,且随着沙质含量的增加而增加,潜沙时间则随着文蛤规格的减小而增加,且随着沙质含量的增加而减小。综合分析认为,文蛤虽然能在不同沙质含量的底质中生存,但沙质含量高的底质是适宜文蛤生存的生境,可为更科学的文蛤增养殖提供数据支撑。 The sediment is the main habitat for the benthic shellfish to complete the life cycle. Meretrix meretrix is ​​a kind of marine bivalve molluscs with high economic value. In order to understand the ecological behavior of the clam more, (4.90 ± 0.18) cm, middle [(2.72 ± 0.12) cm] and small [(1.13 ± 0.13) cm] were studied under laboratory conditions. Selectivity and quantification of the potential of four substrate types (pure sandy bottom, 3/4 sand +1/4 mud, 1/2 sand +2 mud, 1/4 sand + 3/4 mud) Sand capacity. The results showed that no clam died during the experiment, indicating that clam with three kinds of specifications had certain selectivity to the substrate in the experimental groups of various combinations of sediment types. Sediment with high sandy content was the preferred choice for all species of clams , And its selection ability increased with the increase of individual specifications. The sand submarine rate and the dive depth decreased with the decrease of the clam size, and increased with the increase of sand content, The clams increased in size and decreased with increasing sandy content. According to the comprehensive analysis, although the clams can survive in different sediments with different sandy contents, the sediments with high sandy contents are the habitats suitable for survival of clams, which can provide data support for more scientific clams.
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