论文部分内容阅读
目的:应用弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging，DTI)技术探讨脑白质病变(white matter lesions，WML)患者白质微结构改变与执行功能障碍的相关性。方法:研究对象来源于2012年3月至2019年5月于北京天坛医院接受头颅磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging，MRI)扫描并证实存在WML病灶的34例患者。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量(Hamilton depression scale，HAMD)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale，HAMA)排除焦虑抑郁，利用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment，MoCA)、临床痴呆评定量表(clinical dementia rating，CDR)对所有WML患者进行评分，将其分为WML无认知功能障碍组(WML-cognitive normal，WML-CN)、WML非痴呆型血管性认知功能障碍组(WML-vascular cognitive impairment-non dementia，WML-VCIND)、WML伴痴呆组(WML-dementia，WML-VAD)，并使用Stroop色词干扰测验、数字连线测验、数字符号测验、言语流畅性测验等量表对其执行功能进行评价。另外选择MRI扫描无WML病灶的17例性别、年龄、受教育程度相匹配的健康对照组(normal control，NC)；所有入组对象均采用德国西门子3.0 T磁共振成像系统进行全脑DTI扫描，对原始数据进行全脑基于体素的分析(voxel based analysis, VBA)，分析四组被试全脑及感兴趣脑区DTI的部分各向异性(fraction anisotropy，FA)、平均扩散系数(mean diffusivity，MD)值，并与WML患者执行功能评分进行相关性分析。结果:(1)在执行功能测验中，与认知功能正常者(WML-CN组、NC组)相比，WML伴认知障碍的患者(WML-VAD组、WML-VCIND组)在Stroop色词干扰B时间[(65.54±6.24)s和(43.67±0.95)s、(76.75±2.13)s和(43.67 ±0. 95)s、(65.54±6.24)s和(43.66±1.81)s、(76.75±2.13)s和(43.66±1.81)s]、Stroop色词干扰C时间[(88.58±6.76)s和(61.63±1.31)s、(96.37±1.47)s和(61.63±1.31)s、(88.58±6.76)s和(66.31±8.19)s、(96.37±1.47)s和(66.31±8.19)s]、TMTA时间[(40.47±2.76)s和(30.92±0.47)s、(44.24±1.43)s和(30.92±0.47)s、(44.24±1.43)s和(31.99±2.07)s、(40.47±2.76)s和(31.99±2.07)s]、TMTB时间[(88.66±6.55)s和(80.34±0.61)s、(96.70±1.72)s和(80.34±0.61)s、(88.66±6.55)s和(83.10±5.91)s、(96.70±1.72)s和(83. 10±5.91)s]、数字符号测验得分[(39.25±5.63)分和(47.00±2.55)分、(31.27±3.93)分和(47.00±2.55)分、(39.25±5.63)分和(48.86±4.34)分、(31.27±3.93)分和(48.86±4.34)分]、言语流畅性测验得分[(8.94±1.00)分和(11.71±0.47)分、(6.64±0.81)分和(11.71±0.47)分、(8.94±1.00)分和(10.86±0.69)分、(6.64±0.81)分和(10.86±0.69)分]组别差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)；在WML伴认知障碍的患者中，WML-VAD组在Stroop色词干扰B时间、Stroop色词干扰C时间、TMTA时间、TMTB时间、数字符号测验得分、言语流畅性测验得分较WML-VCIND组差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)；WML-CN患者部分执行功能评分如Stroop色词干扰C时间、言语流畅性试验得分较健康对照组差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。(2)胼胝体膝部、下纵束等的FA值与Stroop色词干扰B测验、Stroop色词干扰C测验、TMTA时间呈负相关(n r＝－0.436～－0.471)，与数字符号测验、言语流畅性测验得分呈正相关(n r＝0.428～0.573)；胼胝体膝部、上/下纵束、下额枕束等MD值与Stroop色词干扰B测验、Stroop色词干扰C测验、TMTA时间呈正相关(n r＝0.432～0.609)，与数字符号测验、言语流畅性测验得分呈负相关(n r＝－0.424～－0.630，经校正，均n P<0.003125)。n 结论:WML伴认知障碍患者执行功能显著下降，且白质微结构破坏越严重，执行功能损害越严重。“,”Objective:To explore abnormal microstructural changes of white matter in patients with white matter lesions(WML) using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI), and to determine the association of such abnormalities of DTI parameters with executive function.Methods:Totally 34 patients with WML were recruited from the department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2012 to May 2019.All patients with WML were scored with Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and assessed with Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and clinical dementia rating(CDR). They were divided into WML-cognitive normal group, WML-vascular cognitive impairment-non dementia group and WML-Dementia group.The Stroop color and word test (SCWT), trail making test-A (TMTA), digit symbol test and verbal fluency test were carried out to evaluate executive function.In addition, the healthy elderly without WML lesions were selected as the control group after they were examined by MRI, and all brains of the subjects went through DTI with Siemens 3.0 T MR.The data were collected and analyzed by voxel based analysis (VBA). The anisotropy and mean diffusion coefficient of DTI in the region of interest (ROI) and other regions in the brain were studied in the four groups, and their correlation with scores of executive function in WML patients was analyzed.Results:(1)In these executive function test, there were significant differences between the patients with cognitive impairment (WML-VAD group, WML-VCIND group) and normal cognition group(WML-CN group, NC group), such as SCWT(B)(65.54±6.24 n vs 43.67±0.95, 76.75±2.13 n vs 43.67±0. 95, 65.54±6.24 n vs 43.66±1.81, 76.75±2.13 n vs 43.66±1.81), SCWT(C)(88.58±6.76 n vs 61.63±1.31, 96.37±1.47 n vs 61 63±1.31, 88.58±6.76 n vs 66.31±8.19, 96.37±1.47 n vs 66.31±8.19), TMTA(40.47±2.76 n vs 30.92±0.47, 44.24±1.43 n vs 30.92±0.47, 44.24±1.43 n vs 31.99±2.07, 40.47±2.76 n vs 31.99±2.07), TMTB(88.66±6.55 n vs 80.34±0.61, 96.70±1.72 n vs 80.34±0.61, 88.66±6.55 n vs 83.10±5.91, 96.70±1.72 n vs 83. 10±5.91), Digit Symbol Test(39.25±5.63 n vs 47.00±2.55, 31.27±3.93 n vs 47.00±2.5, 39.25±5.63 n vs 48.86±4.34, 31.27±3.93 n vs 48.86±4.34) and Verbal Fluency Test(8.94±1.00 n vs 11.71±0.47, 6.64±0.81 n vs 11.71±0.47, 8.94±1.00 n vs 10.86±0.69, 6.64±0.81 n vs 10.86±0.69) scores (n P<0.05); In the patients with cognitive impairment, there were significant differences between WML-VAD group and WML-VCIND group, such as SCWT(B), SCWT(C), TMTA, TMTB, digit symbol test and verbal fluency test scores (n P<0.05); There were significant differences between WML-CN patients and NC group in the scores of SCWT (C), verbal fluency test(n P<0.05). (2)FA values in the genu of corpus callosum and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus were negatively correlated with the time of SCWT (B), SCWT (C) and the TMTA(n r=-0.436--0.471), but positively correlated with the scores of digit symbol test and verbal fluency test(n r=0.428-0.573). MD values in the genu of corpus callosum, the superior/inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus were positively correlated with the time of SCWT (B), SCWT (C) and TMTA(n r=0.432~0.609), but negatively correlated with the scores of digit symbol test and verbal fluency test(n r=-0.424--0.630, all n P<0.003125 after emendation).n Conclusion:The executive function of patients with WML-Dementia decreases significantly.The more serious the damage of white matter microstructure, the more serious the damage of executive of function.