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Unit 10
1.【原句】What are you going to be when you grow up?
你长大了打算干什么?
【解析】本句是when引导的时间状语从句,若主句、从句的动作均未发生,则主句用一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子,从句都用一般现在时代替一般将来时。类似的用法还有:before, after, as soon as引导的时间状语从句和if/unless引导的条件状语从句。这些从句都是:
①主句中有will, shall, won’t, be going to表将来谓语时,从句用一般现在时。如:
If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你向他请求,他会帮助你。
②主句中含有can, may, must等情态动词时,从句用一般现在时。如:
If you want to be a scientist, you must study hard.
如果你想成为科学家,就必须努力学习。
③主句是祈使句,从句用一般现在时。如:
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
如果机器发生故障, 就把电源关上。
2.【原句】I’m going to do what I want to do.
我将去做我想要做的事情。
【解析】本句中what I want to do是宾语从句,作do的宾语,宾语从句要用陈述语序。what经常引导名词性从句,在从句中起连接作用,作主语、宾语或表语。如:
That is what I want to tell you. 那就是我想要对你讲的。(作表语)
I am not interested in what he is doing.
我对他做的事不感兴趣。(作宾语)
What I want to say is this. 我想要说的是这个。(作主语)
3.【原句】I’m going to move somewhere interesting.
我打算搬到有趣的地方居住。
【解析】本句中somewhere interesting是形容词修饰不定副词。在英语中当形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词时,形容词要后置。如:
I want to live somewhere noiseless. 我想住在寂静的地方。
somewhere“某处、在某处”,强调在一个地方,用于肯定句。I met her somewhere before. 以前我在某个地方见过她。而anywhere“在什么地方、任何地方”,用于否定句/疑问句/条件句中,在肯定句中表示“随便什么地方”。如:
Did you go anywhere last Sunday? 上星期天你去哪了?
everywhere“到处、处处”,强调多个地方,用于肯定句。如:
They looked everywhere for you. 他们到处找你。
4.【原句】We got over 1,000 letters, faxes and e?鄄mails from our readers about their New Year’s resolutions.
我们收到1000多封关于我们的读者新年的决心的信件、传真和电子邮件。
【解析】本句中get a letter from sb. 意思是“收到某人的来信”。其同义词组receive a letter from sb.=have a letter from sb.=get a letter from sb.=hear from sb.都表示“收到某人的来信”。
如:上周我收到妈妈的来信。
I received a letter from my mother last week.
=I had a letter from my mother last week.
=I got a letter from my mother last week.
=I heard from my mother last week.
5.【原句】We’re going to have a welcome party.
我们打算举办一个欢迎晚会。
【解析】welcome用法:①作形容词“受欢迎的、可喜的、好的”。如:
This is a piece of advice most welcome to us.
这是一条最有助于我们的建议。
You are always welcome in my home. 你在我家总是受欢迎的。
②作名词“欢迎、接待”。如:
They gave us a warm welcome. 他们热烈欢迎我们。
③作动词“欢迎”,后面接宾语。如:
I welcome your friends to my house. 我欢迎你的朋友到我家做客。
④某人+be+welcome to+地点/to do sth.表示“欢迎某人到某地(去干某事)”。如:
You are welcome to use my computer. 欢迎你使用我的电脑。
Welcome to our school. 欢迎光临我校。
⑤You’re welcome.这是别人向你道谢时常用的答语,相当于That’s all right./Not at all./It’s a pleasure./My pleasure.等。如:
——Thanks a lot. 多谢了。
——You’re welcome.不客气。
6.【原句】She wants to find a job as a language teacher in China.
她想找一份在中国教语言的工作。
【解析】本句中find“找到、发现”表示找的结果或偶然发现某物。如:
If you find any mistake, please correct it. 如发现有错,请你改正。
find out“发现、查明、了解”,是指经过一番努力之后才发现某物,查出结果。如:
We shall find out the truth early or late. 我们迟早会查明事实真相。
而look for“寻找”强调找的动作。如:
We must look for somewhere to live. 我们必须找个地方住下。
I’m looking for my knife, but I can’t find it.
我在找我的小刀,但没找到。
本句中as作介词“作为、当作”,后跟名词作宾语。如:
In China we learn English as a foreign language.
在中国我们把英语作为一门外语来学。
As a pupil, you should study hard. 作为一名学生你应该努力学习。
另外,as还作①连词“像……一样、如……一样”,引导方式状语从句。如:
He works as others do. 他和其他人一样工作。
②作连词“因为、既然”引导原因状语从句。如:
As you are busy, let me do it instead. 既然你很忙,让我替你做。
③作连词“当……时候,一边……一边”,引导时间状语从句。如:
They talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。
Unit 11
7.【原句】Could you please take out the trash?请你去倒垃圾好吗?
【解析】Could(Would, Will, Can) you please do…?请你干……好吗?句型中Could/Would 只表示一种委婉的语气,不表过去式,please后是省略to的不定式,其否定句在please后直接加not。表示请求的句子还有May/Can I…?Excuse me, could you like…? Could…? Would/Do you mind…? Shall I/we…?。如:
Will you please go for a walk with me? 请和我一起散步好吗?
以上句型的常用答语:Yes, please. 请吧!Yes/Certainly. 是的/当然可以。Of course. 当然可以。Yes, with pleasure. 可以,很愿意。 That’s OK./All right.好吧!Not at all. 没关系,No, of course not. 不,当然不会。I’m sorry, but…. 对不起,但是…。You’d better not…. 最好不要…。
take out“拿出、取出”,属于“动词+副词”结构,故接代词it/them时要放在take out中间,接名词时放在后面、中间都可以。如:
Your eraser is in my pencil case. You can take it out.
你的橡皮在我的铅笔盒里,你可以拿出来。
8.【原句】——Could I use your computer?我能用一下你的电脑吗?
——Sorry. I’m going to work on it now. 对不起,我已打算要用它(上机)。
【解析】本句work on是一个动词短语,on为介词,表示从事某项工作,做某项工作/研究,创作作品、作画、开机器等。如:
He is working on a computer. 他正操作电脑。
work hard on(at)意为“努力学习、努力干”。如:
She works hard at the new job. 她努力干那个新工作。
at work意为“在工作、在运转”,常作表语,同be动词连用。如:
Her mother is at work now. 她母亲在上班。
The machine is still at work. 那台机器仍在运转。
9.【原句】I agree. 我同意你的看法。
【解析】本句表示对某人的观点表示同意,相当于I think so.。当表示对某人的观点持不同意见时用I disagree.或I don’t agree.。当agree后面跟表示人或意见、看法的名词/代词/从句作宾语,要用agree with…。如:
I quite agree with what you say. 你所说的我很赞成。
而agree to意为“同意、赞成”,后面跟表示提议、办法、计划、安排等的名词/代词/动词原形。如:
They agreed to solve the problem. 他们同意去解决这个问题。
agree on“对……取得一致意见”,指双方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议,相当于agree in doing sth.。如:
We finally agreed on the price for the house.
我们最后同意这所房子的价格。
10.【原句】Give him water and feed him. 给他水喝,并喂他食物。
【解析】give后有两个宾语,指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语,直宾和间宾谁在前,谁在后一般都可以(注意:直宾是代词,间宾放后),不过直宾在前时,间宾前要加介词to,简称“直前间后,间前介”,即give sth. to sb.=give sb. sth.。如:
Can you give me the apple?=Can you give the apple to me?
你能给我这个苹果吗?
类似用法的动词还有:pass, bring, post, return, throw, show, allow, lend, tell, read, explain, teach, write, send, promise, refuse等,这些词具有明显的物质或信息方面的传递,直宾在前时,间接宾语前要加介词to。
11.【原句】Don’t forget to clean his bed. 不要忘了清理他的床铺。
【解析】这是一个否定祈使句,其形式为“Don’t+动词原形+其它”,表示劝告、请求、命令、嘱咐不要干某事,形式上没有主语,事实上祈使句省略主语you,为使语气客气,可在句首或句尾加please。如:
Please don’t be late for class. 请不要迟到。
forget意思是“忘记、想不出来”,可作及物动词或不及物动词,其反义词为 remember。常用句型: forget to do sth.表示忘记没有想起、没有发生或将要发生的事,是“忘记了要做某事”。如:
She forgot to post the letter. 她忘记寄这封信了。
forget doing sth. 意为“忘记了曾经做过某事”。如:
I shall never forget meeting you for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的情景。
12.【原句】I don’t like doing the dishes because it’s boring.
我不喜欢洗餐具,因为它很无聊。
【解析】do the dishes洗餐具,相当于wash the dishes。“do+the+名词/动名词或do+形容词性物主代词+名词”,表示“做……事”。如:do the laundry洗衣服,do one’s teeth刷牙,do the cooking做饭,do the silver擦洗银器,do the flowers插花,do one’s homework做作业,do one’s lessons做功课,do the room整理房间,do the shopping买东西。
because引导原因状语从句,表示直接的原因或理由,用来回答why的提问,表示因果关系。它引导的从句一般放在主句后面,若放在前面,具有强调的意味。We had to stay at home because it rained. 因为天下雨,我们必须呆在家里。
13.【原句】Thanks for taking care of my dog.
非常感谢照看我的小狗。
【解析】本句take care of=look after“照顾、照看、看管”,后跟名词/代词作宾语。take good care of=look after…well表示“好好照顾、照看”。如:
You should take good care of your old parents.=You should look after your old parents well. 你应该好好照看你年迈的父母。
The sick baby must be taken good care of.
这个生病的婴儿一定要好好照料。
14.【原句】My parents and I are going on vacation tomorrow.
我和父母明天要去度假。
【解析】本句中My parents and I讲述了人称的排序。英语中人称排序和汉语不同。①一般情况人称代词单数排列顺序是第二人称,第三人称,第一人称,即you and I;you and he;he and I;you, he and I。如:
He and I have been to Shanghai once. 他和我都去过一次上海。
但是,为了强调或承认错误时,应把第一人称的I放在前面。如:
I and he broke the glass just now. 刚才我和他打坏了这个杯子。
②一般情况下若人称代词是复数,其排列顺序为第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,即we and you; we and they; we, you and they。③当第三人称两性并列时,一般是男先女后,即he and she。
Unit 12
15.【原句】It’s the closest to home. 那儿离家最近。
【解析】close to“接近的、紧密的”,close为形容词。作(空间、时间上的)“接近、距离近”,相当于near,接近程度比near稍强。如:
His seat is close to mine. 他的座位紧挨着我的。
I live close to the shop. 我紧挨着商店住。
close还可作形容词“亲密的、密切的”。如:
Are you a close friend of theirs? 你是他们的亲密朋友吗?
close还表示“关闭、不营业” 。如:
The shops close at 5:30. 这些商店五点半关门。
另外close to还表示“差不多、几乎”的意思。多与表示时间的词或数词连用。如:
He is close to sixty. 他差不多有60岁了。
16.【原句】Can I ask you some questions?我能问你一些问题吗?
【解析】some表示“一些”,用于肯定句,后既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,若修饰可数名词须用复数形式。当表示说话人的一种急切希望得到肯定回答的语意时或表示建议、请求等,在疑问句中也要用some,不用any。如:
Would you like some bananas? 你想吃点香蕉吗?
Would you like to have some tea? 你想喝茶吗?
17.【原句】We did a survey of our readers and this is what we learned. 我们在我们的读者中做了一项调查,这是我们了解的情况。
【解析】本句do a survey of意思是“对……进行调查/研究”,相当于make a survey of。如:
Please make a survey of his parents.=Please do a survey of his parents.
请调查一下他的父母。
We are doing a survey of what movies students like seeing.
我们正做一个学生喜欢看什么样的电影的调查。
what we learned作is的表语从句,表语从句与宾语从句一样,从句要用陈述语序。如:
This is what we need. 这就是我们所需要的。
That is why he left for Japan. 那就是他去日本的原因。
18.【原句】Last week’s talent show was a great success.
上周的才艺表演办得非常成功。
【解析】talent show“才艺表演”,show作名词“演出、表演、节目”。如:a flower show花展,TV show电视节目。如:
We visited an art show this morning.
今天上午我们参观了一个艺术展。
talent作不可数名词意为“有才干的人、天才、人才”,作可数名词,意为“才能、才干、天分”,指与生俱来的。词组:have a talent for (doing) sth.对……有天赋的。如:
We are always looking for new talent. 我们总是不断寻找新的天才。
My sister has a talent for music. 我妹妹有音乐才能。
She has a talent for singing. 她有唱歌的天赋。
19.【原句】She played a beautiful piano piece.
她弹奏了一首优美的钢琴曲。
【解析】本句中play是动词“演奏、弹奏”。play作“弹、奏、打”乐器,乐器前须加定冠词the(erhu二胡除外)。如:play the drum打鼓, play the violin 拉小提琴。
play放在球类名词前不加冠词the。如:play football踢足球。play还表示“玩、做”。如: play a game做游戏,作不及物动词“玩、耍”之意时,常跟with连用。如:
The cat is playing with a mouse. 那猫在玩一只老鼠。
play还有“表演、上演”的意思。如:Hamlet is playing at the theater.剧院里正在上演《哈姆雷特》。play sth. on+乐器,指用某乐器演奏某乐曲;play sth. for sb.=play sb. sth.为某人播放……。如:
She plays old Chinese songs on the guitar.
她用吉他演奏了古老的中文歌曲。
Let me play some pieces of music for you.=Let me play you some pieces of music. 我为你放音乐听听吧。
20.【原句】He danced without music. 他没有音乐伴奏就能跳舞。
【解析】without作介词“没有、无”,反义词为with,后接名词/代词/动名词。如:
Nothing can live without water. 没有水,什么也活不了。
She went out without saying a word. 她一句话没说就出去了。
without用于否定句,表示条件,意为“如果没有”,可与if引导的否定条件状语从句转换。如:
We can’t finish the work without your help.=We can’t finish the work if you don’t help us. 如果没有你的帮助,我们就完不成这项工作。
without作副词讲时意为“在外面、在……外”。如:
A tomato is red within and without. 西红柿里外都红。
21.【原句】It was interesting to hear what the class thought about action movies. 听说同学们对动作片电影的看法很是有趣。
【解析】it作形式主语,was interesting是系表结构作谓语,后面的不定式短语作主语,而what the class thought about action movies又作hear的宾语,我们称为宾语从句,故要用陈述语序。如:
It is very hard for us to answer the questions.
我们很难回答这些问题。
询问对某人或某事的看法、态度用句型:What do you think of(think about)…?=How do you like…?。如:
——What do you think of this film? 你认为这部电影怎么样?
——It’s just so?鄄so. 不过如此而已。
回答此类问题可以根据自己的看法来作出评价或转述别人的看法。如: It’s great! 太棒了! Very much. 非常喜欢。He doesn’t mind. 他不在意。It’s just so?鄄so. 不过如此而已。He is friendly. 他很友好。等。
22.【原句】About 200 yuan a night is enough.
每晚大约200元就足够了。
【解析】本句中enough“足够的, 充足的”作形容词,修饰名词时,可放在名词前,也可放在名词后,习惯放在名词前。如:
There is enough food (food enough) for everybody.
有足够的食物供大家吃。
enough作副词时,要放在形容词/副词/动词后,即要后置。如:
He does his homework carefully enough. 他做作业十分认真。
He doesn’t sleep enough. 他睡眠不足。
enough常用结构还有: enough for sb. 对某人来说足够…;enough+名词+to do sth.有足够的……可以做某事;not+形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.不够……可以做某事,可改为too…to…句型,但enough前的形容词/副词应是too前面形容词/副词的反义词,enough句型须用否定形式。如:
The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book isn’t easy enough for me to read. 这本书太难了,我看不懂。
一、跟踪训练:
1. We ____ when the team leader ____.
A. start, comes B. will start, will come
C. start, will come D. will start, comes
2. Where does he live? Do you know? (合为一句)
Do you know ____ ____ ____?
3. ——Where are you going? ——I’m going to ____ for vacation.
A. cool somewhere B. somewhere cool
C. anywhere cool D. cool anywhere
4. He got a letter from his wife last Sunday. And the letter has more than 5000 words. (同义句)
He ____ ____ his wife last Sunday. And the letter has ____ 5000
words.
5. 翻译:欢迎回到北京来! ____ ____ ____ Beijing!
6. ____ where he is going.
A. Find B. Search C. Find out D. Look for
二、跟踪训练:
1. Would you please open the window? (改为否定句)
____ ____ ____ ____ open the window?
2. 翻译:他正操作机器。He is ____ ____ a machine.
3. You think he is a sick man, but I can’t agree ____ you.
A. with B. to C. at D. about
4. Please give the bag to your brother. (改为同义句)
__________________________
5. Don’t forget ____ my keys.
A. to return B. return
C. returning D. to returning
6. It is very cold in our school. I don’t like winter. (合并成复合句)
I don’t like winter ____.
7. 改错:I’ve got plenty of things to take care.
8. ____ have been received into the League.
A. I, you and he B. He, you and I
C. You, he and I D. I, he and you
9. There is one year between ____.
A. you and I B. her and he
C. her and me D. you and he
三、跟踪训练:
1. 翻译:枣庄影院离超市最近。
Zaozhuang Cinema ____ ____ ____ ____ a supermarket.
2. Can I borrow some of your books?(找出划线单词的替换词)
A. a few B. much C. a little D. a lot of
3. Please do a survey of your family. (改为同义句)
Please ____ ____ ____ of your family.
4. 改错:Have you got a talent to paint?
5. My little brother can play ____ piano very well.
A. an B. a C. the D. ×
6. Man can’t live without air. (改为同义句)
Man can’t live ____ ____ ____ ____ air.
7. What do you think about the plan? (改为同义句)
____ ____ ____ ____ the plan?
8. He ran so slowly that I could catch up with him. (改为同义句)
He ran ______________ catch up with him.
Keys:一、1.D 2.where he lives 3.B 4.heard from, over 5.Welcome back to 6.C
二、1.Would you please not 2.working on 3.A 4.Please give your brother the bag. 5.A 6.because it is very cold in our school 7.take care后加of(of不可以省) 8.C 9.C
三、1.is the closest to 2.A 3.make a survey 4.to paint改为for painting 5.C 6.if there is no 7.How do you like 8.slowly enough for me to
1.【原句】What are you going to be when you grow up?
你长大了打算干什么?
【解析】本句是when引导的时间状语从句,若主句、从句的动作均未发生,则主句用一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子,从句都用一般现在时代替一般将来时。类似的用法还有:before, after, as soon as引导的时间状语从句和if/unless引导的条件状语从句。这些从句都是:
①主句中有will, shall, won’t, be going to表将来谓语时,从句用一般现在时。如:
If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你向他请求,他会帮助你。
②主句中含有can, may, must等情态动词时,从句用一般现在时。如:
If you want to be a scientist, you must study hard.
如果你想成为科学家,就必须努力学习。
③主句是祈使句,从句用一般现在时。如:
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
如果机器发生故障, 就把电源关上。
2.【原句】I’m going to do what I want to do.
我将去做我想要做的事情。
【解析】本句中what I want to do是宾语从句,作do的宾语,宾语从句要用陈述语序。what经常引导名词性从句,在从句中起连接作用,作主语、宾语或表语。如:
That is what I want to tell you. 那就是我想要对你讲的。(作表语)
I am not interested in what he is doing.
我对他做的事不感兴趣。(作宾语)
What I want to say is this. 我想要说的是这个。(作主语)
3.【原句】I’m going to move somewhere interesting.
我打算搬到有趣的地方居住。
【解析】本句中somewhere interesting是形容词修饰不定副词。在英语中当形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词时,形容词要后置。如:
I want to live somewhere noiseless. 我想住在寂静的地方。
somewhere“某处、在某处”,强调在一个地方,用于肯定句。I met her somewhere before. 以前我在某个地方见过她。而anywhere“在什么地方、任何地方”,用于否定句/疑问句/条件句中,在肯定句中表示“随便什么地方”。如:
Did you go anywhere last Sunday? 上星期天你去哪了?
everywhere“到处、处处”,强调多个地方,用于肯定句。如:
They looked everywhere for you. 他们到处找你。
4.【原句】We got over 1,000 letters, faxes and e?鄄mails from our readers about their New Year’s resolutions.
我们收到1000多封关于我们的读者新年的决心的信件、传真和电子邮件。
【解析】本句中get a letter from sb. 意思是“收到某人的来信”。其同义词组receive a letter from sb.=have a letter from sb.=get a letter from sb.=hear from sb.都表示“收到某人的来信”。
如:上周我收到妈妈的来信。
I received a letter from my mother last week.
=I had a letter from my mother last week.
=I got a letter from my mother last week.
=I heard from my mother last week.
5.【原句】We’re going to have a welcome party.
我们打算举办一个欢迎晚会。
【解析】welcome用法:①作形容词“受欢迎的、可喜的、好的”。如:
This is a piece of advice most welcome to us.
这是一条最有助于我们的建议。
You are always welcome in my home. 你在我家总是受欢迎的。
②作名词“欢迎、接待”。如:
They gave us a warm welcome. 他们热烈欢迎我们。
③作动词“欢迎”,后面接宾语。如:
I welcome your friends to my house. 我欢迎你的朋友到我家做客。
④某人+be+welcome to+地点/to do sth.表示“欢迎某人到某地(去干某事)”。如:
You are welcome to use my computer. 欢迎你使用我的电脑。
Welcome to our school. 欢迎光临我校。
⑤You’re welcome.这是别人向你道谢时常用的答语,相当于That’s all right./Not at all./It’s a pleasure./My pleasure.等。如:
——Thanks a lot. 多谢了。
——You’re welcome.不客气。
6.【原句】She wants to find a job as a language teacher in China.
她想找一份在中国教语言的工作。
【解析】本句中find“找到、发现”表示找的结果或偶然发现某物。如:
If you find any mistake, please correct it. 如发现有错,请你改正。
find out“发现、查明、了解”,是指经过一番努力之后才发现某物,查出结果。如:
We shall find out the truth early or late. 我们迟早会查明事实真相。
而look for“寻找”强调找的动作。如:
We must look for somewhere to live. 我们必须找个地方住下。
I’m looking for my knife, but I can’t find it.
我在找我的小刀,但没找到。
本句中as作介词“作为、当作”,后跟名词作宾语。如:
In China we learn English as a foreign language.
在中国我们把英语作为一门外语来学。
As a pupil, you should study hard. 作为一名学生你应该努力学习。
另外,as还作①连词“像……一样、如……一样”,引导方式状语从句。如:
He works as others do. 他和其他人一样工作。
②作连词“因为、既然”引导原因状语从句。如:
As you are busy, let me do it instead. 既然你很忙,让我替你做。
③作连词“当……时候,一边……一边”,引导时间状语从句。如:
They talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。
Unit 11
7.【原句】Could you please take out the trash?请你去倒垃圾好吗?
【解析】Could(Would, Will, Can) you please do…?请你干……好吗?句型中Could/Would 只表示一种委婉的语气,不表过去式,please后是省略to的不定式,其否定句在please后直接加not。表示请求的句子还有May/Can I…?Excuse me, could you like…? Could…? Would/Do you mind…? Shall I/we…?。如:
Will you please go for a walk with me? 请和我一起散步好吗?
以上句型的常用答语:Yes, please. 请吧!Yes/Certainly. 是的/当然可以。Of course. 当然可以。Yes, with pleasure. 可以,很愿意。 That’s OK./All right.好吧!Not at all. 没关系,No, of course not. 不,当然不会。I’m sorry, but…. 对不起,但是…。You’d better not…. 最好不要…。
take out“拿出、取出”,属于“动词+副词”结构,故接代词it/them时要放在take out中间,接名词时放在后面、中间都可以。如:
Your eraser is in my pencil case. You can take it out.
你的橡皮在我的铅笔盒里,你可以拿出来。
8.【原句】——Could I use your computer?我能用一下你的电脑吗?
——Sorry. I’m going to work on it now. 对不起,我已打算要用它(上机)。
【解析】本句work on是一个动词短语,on为介词,表示从事某项工作,做某项工作/研究,创作作品、作画、开机器等。如:
He is working on a computer. 他正操作电脑。
work hard on(at)意为“努力学习、努力干”。如:
She works hard at the new job. 她努力干那个新工作。
at work意为“在工作、在运转”,常作表语,同be动词连用。如:
Her mother is at work now. 她母亲在上班。
The machine is still at work. 那台机器仍在运转。
9.【原句】I agree. 我同意你的看法。
【解析】本句表示对某人的观点表示同意,相当于I think so.。当表示对某人的观点持不同意见时用I disagree.或I don’t agree.。当agree后面跟表示人或意见、看法的名词/代词/从句作宾语,要用agree with…。如:
I quite agree with what you say. 你所说的我很赞成。
而agree to意为“同意、赞成”,后面跟表示提议、办法、计划、安排等的名词/代词/动词原形。如:
They agreed to solve the problem. 他们同意去解决这个问题。
agree on“对……取得一致意见”,指双方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议,相当于agree in doing sth.。如:
We finally agreed on the price for the house.
我们最后同意这所房子的价格。
10.【原句】Give him water and feed him. 给他水喝,并喂他食物。
【解析】give后有两个宾语,指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语,直宾和间宾谁在前,谁在后一般都可以(注意:直宾是代词,间宾放后),不过直宾在前时,间宾前要加介词to,简称“直前间后,间前介”,即give sth. to sb.=give sb. sth.。如:
Can you give me the apple?=Can you give the apple to me?
你能给我这个苹果吗?
类似用法的动词还有:pass, bring, post, return, throw, show, allow, lend, tell, read, explain, teach, write, send, promise, refuse等,这些词具有明显的物质或信息方面的传递,直宾在前时,间接宾语前要加介词to。
11.【原句】Don’t forget to clean his bed. 不要忘了清理他的床铺。
【解析】这是一个否定祈使句,其形式为“Don’t+动词原形+其它”,表示劝告、请求、命令、嘱咐不要干某事,形式上没有主语,事实上祈使句省略主语you,为使语气客气,可在句首或句尾加please。如:
Please don’t be late for class. 请不要迟到。
forget意思是“忘记、想不出来”,可作及物动词或不及物动词,其反义词为 remember。常用句型: forget to do sth.表示忘记没有想起、没有发生或将要发生的事,是“忘记了要做某事”。如:
She forgot to post the letter. 她忘记寄这封信了。
forget doing sth. 意为“忘记了曾经做过某事”。如:
I shall never forget meeting you for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的情景。
12.【原句】I don’t like doing the dishes because it’s boring.
我不喜欢洗餐具,因为它很无聊。
【解析】do the dishes洗餐具,相当于wash the dishes。“do+the+名词/动名词或do+形容词性物主代词+名词”,表示“做……事”。如:do the laundry洗衣服,do one’s teeth刷牙,do the cooking做饭,do the silver擦洗银器,do the flowers插花,do one’s homework做作业,do one’s lessons做功课,do the room整理房间,do the shopping买东西。
because引导原因状语从句,表示直接的原因或理由,用来回答why的提问,表示因果关系。它引导的从句一般放在主句后面,若放在前面,具有强调的意味。We had to stay at home because it rained. 因为天下雨,我们必须呆在家里。
13.【原句】Thanks for taking care of my dog.
非常感谢照看我的小狗。
【解析】本句take care of=look after“照顾、照看、看管”,后跟名词/代词作宾语。take good care of=look after…well表示“好好照顾、照看”。如:
You should take good care of your old parents.=You should look after your old parents well. 你应该好好照看你年迈的父母。
The sick baby must be taken good care of.
这个生病的婴儿一定要好好照料。
14.【原句】My parents and I are going on vacation tomorrow.
我和父母明天要去度假。
【解析】本句中My parents and I讲述了人称的排序。英语中人称排序和汉语不同。①一般情况人称代词单数排列顺序是第二人称,第三人称,第一人称,即you and I;you and he;he and I;you, he and I。如:
He and I have been to Shanghai once. 他和我都去过一次上海。
但是,为了强调或承认错误时,应把第一人称的I放在前面。如:
I and he broke the glass just now. 刚才我和他打坏了这个杯子。
②一般情况下若人称代词是复数,其排列顺序为第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,即we and you; we and they; we, you and they。③当第三人称两性并列时,一般是男先女后,即he and she。
Unit 12
15.【原句】It’s the closest to home. 那儿离家最近。
【解析】close to“接近的、紧密的”,close为形容词。作(空间、时间上的)“接近、距离近”,相当于near,接近程度比near稍强。如:
His seat is close to mine. 他的座位紧挨着我的。
I live close to the shop. 我紧挨着商店住。
close还可作形容词“亲密的、密切的”。如:
Are you a close friend of theirs? 你是他们的亲密朋友吗?
close还表示“关闭、不营业” 。如:
The shops close at 5:30. 这些商店五点半关门。
另外close to还表示“差不多、几乎”的意思。多与表示时间的词或数词连用。如:
He is close to sixty. 他差不多有60岁了。
16.【原句】Can I ask you some questions?我能问你一些问题吗?
【解析】some表示“一些”,用于肯定句,后既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,若修饰可数名词须用复数形式。当表示说话人的一种急切希望得到肯定回答的语意时或表示建议、请求等,在疑问句中也要用some,不用any。如:
Would you like some bananas? 你想吃点香蕉吗?
Would you like to have some tea? 你想喝茶吗?
17.【原句】We did a survey of our readers and this is what we learned. 我们在我们的读者中做了一项调查,这是我们了解的情况。
【解析】本句do a survey of意思是“对……进行调查/研究”,相当于make a survey of。如:
Please make a survey of his parents.=Please do a survey of his parents.
请调查一下他的父母。
We are doing a survey of what movies students like seeing.
我们正做一个学生喜欢看什么样的电影的调查。
what we learned作is的表语从句,表语从句与宾语从句一样,从句要用陈述语序。如:
This is what we need. 这就是我们所需要的。
That is why he left for Japan. 那就是他去日本的原因。
18.【原句】Last week’s talent show was a great success.
上周的才艺表演办得非常成功。
【解析】talent show“才艺表演”,show作名词“演出、表演、节目”。如:a flower show花展,TV show电视节目。如:
We visited an art show this morning.
今天上午我们参观了一个艺术展。
talent作不可数名词意为“有才干的人、天才、人才”,作可数名词,意为“才能、才干、天分”,指与生俱来的。词组:have a talent for (doing) sth.对……有天赋的。如:
We are always looking for new talent. 我们总是不断寻找新的天才。
My sister has a talent for music. 我妹妹有音乐才能。
She has a talent for singing. 她有唱歌的天赋。
19.【原句】She played a beautiful piano piece.
她弹奏了一首优美的钢琴曲。
【解析】本句中play是动词“演奏、弹奏”。play作“弹、奏、打”乐器,乐器前须加定冠词the(erhu二胡除外)。如:play the drum打鼓, play the violin 拉小提琴。
play放在球类名词前不加冠词the。如:play football踢足球。play还表示“玩、做”。如: play a game做游戏,作不及物动词“玩、耍”之意时,常跟with连用。如:
The cat is playing with a mouse. 那猫在玩一只老鼠。
play还有“表演、上演”的意思。如:Hamlet is playing at the theater.剧院里正在上演《哈姆雷特》。play sth. on+乐器,指用某乐器演奏某乐曲;play sth. for sb.=play sb. sth.为某人播放……。如:
She plays old Chinese songs on the guitar.
她用吉他演奏了古老的中文歌曲。
Let me play some pieces of music for you.=Let me play you some pieces of music. 我为你放音乐听听吧。
20.【原句】He danced without music. 他没有音乐伴奏就能跳舞。
【解析】without作介词“没有、无”,反义词为with,后接名词/代词/动名词。如:
Nothing can live without water. 没有水,什么也活不了。
She went out without saying a word. 她一句话没说就出去了。
without用于否定句,表示条件,意为“如果没有”,可与if引导的否定条件状语从句转换。如:
We can’t finish the work without your help.=We can’t finish the work if you don’t help us. 如果没有你的帮助,我们就完不成这项工作。
without作副词讲时意为“在外面、在……外”。如:
A tomato is red within and without. 西红柿里外都红。
21.【原句】It was interesting to hear what the class thought about action movies. 听说同学们对动作片电影的看法很是有趣。
【解析】it作形式主语,was interesting是系表结构作谓语,后面的不定式短语作主语,而what the class thought about action movies又作hear的宾语,我们称为宾语从句,故要用陈述语序。如:
It is very hard for us to answer the questions.
我们很难回答这些问题。
询问对某人或某事的看法、态度用句型:What do you think of(think about)…?=How do you like…?。如:
——What do you think of this film? 你认为这部电影怎么样?
——It’s just so?鄄so. 不过如此而已。
回答此类问题可以根据自己的看法来作出评价或转述别人的看法。如: It’s great! 太棒了! Very much. 非常喜欢。He doesn’t mind. 他不在意。It’s just so?鄄so. 不过如此而已。He is friendly. 他很友好。等。
22.【原句】About 200 yuan a night is enough.
每晚大约200元就足够了。
【解析】本句中enough“足够的, 充足的”作形容词,修饰名词时,可放在名词前,也可放在名词后,习惯放在名词前。如:
There is enough food (food enough) for everybody.
有足够的食物供大家吃。
enough作副词时,要放在形容词/副词/动词后,即要后置。如:
He does his homework carefully enough. 他做作业十分认真。
He doesn’t sleep enough. 他睡眠不足。
enough常用结构还有: enough for sb. 对某人来说足够…;enough+名词+to do sth.有足够的……可以做某事;not+形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.不够……可以做某事,可改为too…to…句型,但enough前的形容词/副词应是too前面形容词/副词的反义词,enough句型须用否定形式。如:
The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book isn’t easy enough for me to read. 这本书太难了,我看不懂。
一、跟踪训练:
1. We ____ when the team leader ____.
A. start, comes B. will start, will come
C. start, will come D. will start, comes
2. Where does he live? Do you know? (合为一句)
Do you know ____ ____ ____?
3. ——Where are you going? ——I’m going to ____ for vacation.
A. cool somewhere B. somewhere cool
C. anywhere cool D. cool anywhere
4. He got a letter from his wife last Sunday. And the letter has more than 5000 words. (同义句)
He ____ ____ his wife last Sunday. And the letter has ____ 5000
words.
5. 翻译:欢迎回到北京来! ____ ____ ____ Beijing!
6. ____ where he is going.
A. Find B. Search C. Find out D. Look for
二、跟踪训练:
1. Would you please open the window? (改为否定句)
____ ____ ____ ____ open the window?
2. 翻译:他正操作机器。He is ____ ____ a machine.
3. You think he is a sick man, but I can’t agree ____ you.
A. with B. to C. at D. about
4. Please give the bag to your brother. (改为同义句)
__________________________
5. Don’t forget ____ my keys.
A. to return B. return
C. returning D. to returning
6. It is very cold in our school. I don’t like winter. (合并成复合句)
I don’t like winter ____.
7. 改错:I’ve got plenty of things to take care.
8. ____ have been received into the League.
A. I, you and he B. He, you and I
C. You, he and I D. I, he and you
9. There is one year between ____.
A. you and I B. her and he
C. her and me D. you and he
三、跟踪训练:
1. 翻译:枣庄影院离超市最近。
Zaozhuang Cinema ____ ____ ____ ____ a supermarket.
2. Can I borrow some of your books?(找出划线单词的替换词)
A. a few B. much C. a little D. a lot of
3. Please do a survey of your family. (改为同义句)
Please ____ ____ ____ of your family.
4. 改错:Have you got a talent to paint?
5. My little brother can play ____ piano very well.
A. an B. a C. the D. ×
6. Man can’t live without air. (改为同义句)
Man can’t live ____ ____ ____ ____ air.
7. What do you think about the plan? (改为同义句)
____ ____ ____ ____ the plan?
8. He ran so slowly that I could catch up with him. (改为同义句)
He ran ______________ catch up with him.
Keys:一、1.D 2.where he lives 3.B 4.heard from, over 5.Welcome back to 6.C
二、1.Would you please not 2.working on 3.A 4.Please give your brother the bag. 5.A 6.because it is very cold in our school 7.take care后加of(of不可以省) 8.C 9.C
三、1.is the closest to 2.A 3.make a survey 4.to paint改为for painting 5.C 6.if there is no 7.How do you like 8.slowly enough for me to