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目的在人参非皂苷成分中筛选出对Aβ25-35诱导所致痴呆大鼠模型的学习记忆功能有改善作用的活性成分,并对其进行结构研究。方法建立大鼠老年痴呆模型,通过水迷宫实验,理化性质研究,纯度与分子量测定筛选活性成分。再对此活性成分通过组成糖分析、糖苷键连接方式的测定与氨基酸分析对其进行结构研究。结果水迷宫实验筛选出的活性成分为JJPG-3,理化性质研究结果显示其蛋白含量最高,纯度与分子量测定结果表明其为混合物,分子量在200Da~50000Da之间,综合上述实验结果,判定其活性成分为人参糖蛋白。在对此人参糖蛋白进行组成糖分析,糖苷键连接方式分析与氨基酸测定,结果显示,该活性成分由7种糖组成,以Glc含量最高;主链由(1→4)连接的Gal A和(1→6)连接的Man组成,非还原末端由Rha、Man、Glc、Gal A组成,以Glc居多;该糖蛋白由17种氨基酸组成,其中Arg、Gly和Glu含量最高。结论人参非皂苷成分中具有治疗老年痴呆作用的成分为人参糖蛋白,对该活性成分进行结构分析,测定其由7种糖与17种氨基酸组成,糖苷键连接方式同上所述。该文章为人参非皂苷成分的研究奠定基础的同时也为治疗老年痴呆症的药物提供新的研究方向。
OBJECTIVE: To screen out the components of non-saponin of ginseng, and to study the structure and function of active ingredients which can improve the learning and memory function of rat model of dementia induced by Aβ25-35. Methods Alzheimer’s disease model was established in rats. The water maze test, physical and chemical properties, purity and molecular weight screening were used to screen the active ingredients. The structure of the active ingredient was analyzed by compositional sugar analysis, glycosidic linkage and amino acid analysis. Results The results of water maze test showed that the active ingredient was JJPG-3. The results of physicochemical properties showed that the protein content was the highest. The results of purity and molecular weight showed that it was a mixture with the molecular weight between 200Da and 50000Da. Based on the above experimental results, the activity was determined Ingredients for the ginseng glycoprotein. The composition of sugar analysis of this ginseng glycoprotein, glycosidic linkage analysis and amino acid determination results showed that the active ingredient consists of seven kinds of sugar to the highest Glc content; the main chain (1 → 4) connected Gal A and (1 → 6) Man. The non-reducing end consists of Rha, Man, Glc and Gal A, which is mostly Glc. The glycoprotein consists of 17 kinds of amino acids with the highest content of Arg, Gly and Glu. Conclusion Ginsenosides has the function of treating senile dementia. It is composed of seven kinds of sugars and seventeen kinds of amino acids. The linkage of glycosidic bonds is the same as above. This article lays the foundation for the study of non-saponin components of ginseng and provides a new research direction for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease drugs.