一、引言万佛堂石窟位于辽宁省义县城西北8公里的大凌河北岸(图一),座北朝南,沿福山南麓东西排列,全长约85米,自然形成三个小区。东区共有洞窟7个,窟外小龛3个;西区上、下两层共有洞窟9个,窟外小龛10个。中区无窟龛,仅有近代兴建的三间僧房。全部窟龛均始凿并完工于北魏晚期,唐、辽、明、清等朝代均有修补或改动。窟龛 I. Introduction Wanfo Hall Grottoes are located on the north bank of the Daling River, 8 kilometers northwest of Yixian County, Liaoning Province (Figure 1). Block north faces south along the south foot of Fukuyama. The total length is about 85 meters, forming three communities naturally. There are 7 caves in the eastern district and 3 small niches outside the cave. There are 9 caves and 10 small niches outside the cave in the upper and lower west areas. There are no cave shrines in Central China, only the three monk houses built in modern times. All cave niches were initially cut and completed in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, Tang, Liao, Ming and Qing dynasties are repaired or modified. Cave niche