目的研究新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医院感染的危险因素及其预防对策。方法通过回顾性分析,对某医院NICU住院新生儿医院感染及其危险因素进行分析。结果从该医院NICU收治的852例新生儿中,查出医院感染患儿31例,医院感染发生率为3.64%、例次感染率4.58%。新生儿医院感染部位以呼吸道感染为主,构成比为54.83%,其次是血液相关感染,占29.03%。出生体重、机械通气、中心静脉置管、静脉全营养、住院时间等因素是新生儿发生医院感染的危险因素。结论该医院NICU新生儿医院感染的危险因素较多,减少侵入性操作、缩短住院时间、合理使用抗菌药物等是防控的关键。 Objective To study the risk factors of nosocomial infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and the preventive measures. Methods Through retrospective analysis, hospital NICU inpatient neonatal hospital infection and its risk factors were analyzed. Results Among 852 newborn infants admitted to NICU, 31 cases of nosocomial infection were found. The incidence of nosocomial infection was 3.64% and the rate of nosocomial infection was 4.58%. Neonatal hospital infection mainly respiratory tract infection, the constituent ratio was 54.83%, followed by blood-related infections, accounting for 29.03%. Birth weight, mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter, intravenous nutrition, length of stay and other factors are risk factors for neonatal hospital infection. Conclusion There are many risk factors for nosocomial infection in neonate hospitals in NICU. Reducing invasive procedures, shortening hospital stay, and rational use of antimicrobial agents are the key to prevention and control.