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由于氢的影响,钢的机械性能会受到损失。这现象在上个世纪就被发现了。现代技术的高度发展,特别是各种武器系统的需要,化学工业的发展及核燃料的被应用,要求强度很高的钢制成的零件在高温、高压、高转速、高应力及各种复杂环境下工作,使由于氢的渗入零件造成的故障愈来愈多。因为氢本身的特性,现在还没有合适的手段,可把氢在引起材料破损过程中的行为满意地记录下来.氢究竟是怎样使材料受到损伤的?现在已经提出了多种氢脆的机理。但它们都是根据所观察到的现象推理而得出的,因而有些观点往往是有分歧的,有的甚至是完全矛盾的。要得到一个更合理的,能全面解释钢的氢脆行为的机理,从而找到防止氢脆事故发生的更有效的措施,还要做大量的工作.因此,氢脆问题的研究,仍然是金属材料科学领域中一个很重要而又是非常活跃的课题。本文就氢脆的主要机理,影响因素及高强度钢的氢脆断口形貌等作一介绍。
Due to the influence of hydrogen, the mechanical properties of steel can be compromised. This phenomenon was discovered in the last century. The high development of modern technology, especially the needs of various weapon systems, the development of the chemical industry and the application of nuclear fuel, require that parts made of high strength steel be used under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high speed, high stress and various complicated environments Work under pressure causes more and more failures due to the penetration of hydrogen into the part. Due to the nature of hydrogen itself, there is no suitable means of satisfactorily recording the behavior of hydrogen in the material causing the damage. How hydrogen can cause damage to the material? Several hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms have now been proposed. However, all of them are based on the observed phenomena so that some of the views are often divided and some are even completely contradictory. To get a more reasonable and fully explain the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement of steel to find more effective measures to prevent the occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement accidents, but also to do a lot of work.Therefore, the study of hydrogen embrittlement is still the metal material A very important and very active subject in science. This paper introduces the main mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement, the influencing factors and the appearance of hydrogen embrittlement fracture of high strength steel.