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利用扫描电镜观察了苹果属植物25个地方品种、10个野生种类型、3个栽培品种、2个杂交种共40个不同类型的花粉形态特征,根据花粉形状、极轴和赤道轴长度等11个指标,采用类平均法(UPGMA)对欧式距离进行聚类分析。结果发现:所观察花粉类型均为N_3P_4C_5类型,呈两侧对称的长球形或超长球形,花粉表面有条状饰纹和穿孔,各类型间花粉粒大小及外壁纹饰差异明显,地方品种早白海棠外壁饰纹无条纹束,区别于其他资源。聚类分析表明:在遗传距离1.30水平上,40份资源聚为9大类,地方品种与野生资源、栽培品种相互交错,部分地方品种单独聚为一类。地方品种花粉形态多样性极为丰富,除一些特异类型,花粉形态不能单独作为地方品种分类的依据,需结合其他分类方法;部分地方品种起源于新疆野苹果或者新疆野苹果与其他野生资源或者栽培种的自然杂交,部分地方品种经过相互杂交和人工选择形成其类型的多样性,具有重要的科研价值。
By scanning electron microscopy, 40 different types of pollen morphological characteristics were observed in 25 local varieties, 10 wild species, 3 cultivars and 2 hybrids of apple genus. According to pollen shape, polar axis and equatorial axis length The indicators, the use of class average method (UPGMA) cluster analysis of the European distance. The results showed that the types of pollen observed were all types of N_3P_4C_5 with symmetrical long spheres or long spheres on both sides, with pollen grains and perforations on the pollen surface. Begonia wall streaks without stripes, different from other resources. Cluster analysis showed that at the genetic distance of 1.30, 40 cultivars were clustered into 9 major groups. The local cultivars, the wild cultivars and wild cultivars were intertwined with each other, and some of the local cultivars clustered together into one group. In addition to some specific types, the pollen morphology of local varieties can not be used as the basis for the classification of the local varieties alone, and other classification methods should be combined; some of the local varieties originated from wild apple or Xinjiang wild apple and other wild resources or cultivars Of the natural hybrids, some local varieties through hybridization and artificial selection to form its type of diversity, has important scientific value.