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岩体特性、坝基应力、尤其是地下结构围岩的稳定性都与岩体初始应力密切相关。由于岩体初始应力受成岩过程、构造作用以及重力的影响,各地区内其数值的变化都很大,不能象以往那样简单地把岩体当作一个重力埸来推算初始应力。因而近三十年特别是近十多年来发展了许多实测方法,并取得一些工程实测的资料。本文根据水电工程和采矿工程方面的资料,综合叙述岩体初始应力测量技术及已有各种试验方法的原理。文中对常用的方法和有发展前途的方法作了较详细的叙述。同时,介绍了一些工程测量和应用岩体初始应力的实例。
Rock mass properties, dam foundation stress, and especially the stability of the surrounding rock mass of the underground structure are closely related to the initial stress of the rock mass. Because the initial stress of rock mass is affected by the diagenesis process, tectonic action and gravity, the numerical values in all regions are very variable. It is not possible to calculate the initial stress simply by using the rock mass as a gravity force. Therefore, in the past 30 years, especially in the past 10 years, many actual measurement methods have been developed, and some actual measurement data have been obtained. Based on the data of hydropower engineering and mining engineering, this paper comprehensively describes the initial stress measurement technology of rock mass and the principles of various existing test methods. The article describes in detail the commonly used methods and promising methods. At the same time, some examples of engineering measurement and application of initial stress in rock masses are presented.