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一 概述 土壤蒸发过程受各种条件(气象、土壤、植被等)的影响,要想在自然条件下获得蒸发量的绝对数值自属不易,但是,土壤蒸发量的确定,对于气象学、农业气象学以及其他水文气象学科中很多实际问题的解决具有重要的意义。土壤改良措施的规划,不同天气与气候条件下灌溉定额和灌溉时期的估计,农田土壤水分预报以及抗早保墒等措施,都需要大量的土壤蒸发资料。蒸发资料同时也广泛地应用在气候理论和土壤下垫面热量收支的近代研究中,因为蒸发消耗的热量,对于各地区热力收支的状况,表现出极大的影响。
An overview of the soil evaporation process by various conditions (weather, soil, vegetation, etc.), in order to obtain the absolute value of evaporation in the natural conditions is not easy, but the determination of soil evaporation, for meteorology, agricultural weather The solution of many practical problems in learning and other hydrometeorological disciplines is of great importance. The planning of soil improvement measures, the estimation of irrigation quotas and irrigation periods under different weather and climatic conditions, the prediction of farmland soil moisture, and the prevention of early moisture preservation all require a large amount of soil evaporation data. Evaporation data are also widely used in recent studies of climate theory and soil surface heat budget, because the heat consumed by evaporation shows a great influence on the state of heat budget in all regions.