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洛克是英国资产阶级的自由主义思想家之一。《政府论》作为资产阶级思想的巨著,对后世产生了深刻的影响。洛克在《政府论》下篇中主要理论为自然状态下个人生活和自然权利的完整性即自然法状态理论。之后为了克服自然状态下种种不利因素,公众通过契约将自己的一部分自然权利交给政治权威也就是政府,政府成为了保护公众权利尤其是财产权的机构。再到政府出现后国家权力限制。洛克如何从自然状态的优缺点导出政府出现的必要性,再到政府出现后国家权力的来源、限制,这是本文主要思考的问题。
Locke is one of the British liberal bourgeois thinkers. As a masterpiece of bourgeois ideology, “government theory” has had a profound impact on future generations. Locke in the “government” in the second part of the main theory for the natural state of personal life and the integrity of the natural rights that natural law state theory. After that, in order to overcome all the unfavorable factors in the natural state, the public, through contract, handed over a part of their natural rights to the political authority, that is, the government. The government became the institution that protected the public rights, especially the property rights. To the state power after the emergence of government restrictions. How does Locke derive the necessity of the government from the pros and cons of the natural state and then the source and restriction of the state power after the government emerges, which is the main thinking of this article.