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1.经营目标水源涵养林,也叫水源林,是水土保持防护林种之一,泛指河川、水库、湖泊的上游集水区内大面积的原有林(包括原始森林和次生林)和人工林。水是生命的源泉,是生态系统不可缺少的要素,同土地、能源等构成人类经济与社会发展的基本条件。随着现代社会的发展,人口和经济的增长,全球水资源的需求量不断增加,水环境又不断恶化,水资源紧缺已成为世人共同关注的全球性问题。因此作为以涵养水源为主要目的的水源涵养林也越来越引起人们的重视。如果具有良好的林分组成的水源涵养林在水源区占有一定的面积,就可以具有涵养水源,保持水土,调洪削峰,减少泥沙入库或淤积,保护和维持水资源的调节与平衡的功能。水源涵养林体系应是一种以水源涵养、水土保持、水质改善为核心的,兼顾经济林、薪炭林、用材林的综合防护林体系。
1. Management Objective Water conservation forests, also called water source forests, are one of the soil and water conservation shelterbelts. They refer to large-scale original forests (including primeval forests and secondary forests) and planted forests in upper catchments of rivers, reservoirs and lakes . Water is the source of life, an indispensable element of the ecosystem, and the basic conditions of human economic and social development with land and energy. With the development of modern society, population and economic growth, the global water resources demand is constantly increasing, and the water environment is deteriorating. The shortage of water resources has become a global issue of common concern to all people. Therefore, as a water conservation forest with water conservation as the main purpose, more and more people pay more attention to it. If water conservancy forests with a good stand structure occupy a certain area in the water source area, they can have the functions of water conservation, soil and water conservation, peak flood control, sediment storage or sedimentation reduction, and the regulation and balance of water resources conservation and maintenance Function Water conservation forest system should be a water conservation, soil and water conservation, water quality improvement as the core, taking into account the economic forest, firewood forest, timber forest integrated shelterbelt system.