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1979年8月至10月,我随中国电工贸易考察组赴西德、英国和法国访问了电工行业三十七个工厂。其中有九个小电机厂,它们是西德的BBC电机厂、Siemens Bad NeuStadt电机厂、Siemens家用电器厂、AEG电机厂、AEG微电机厂、英国的New、Man电机厂、Black ＆ Decker电动工具厂和法国的CEM分马力电机厂和BBC-CEM(即Nor-macem)电机厂。上述三国是工业发达国家。近几年来由于电子技术的广泛应用,更促进了自动化技术的发展。在西德AEG等电机厂里,电子计算机已应用于从订货到整个生产过程的控制、产品的贮存和发运等各个方面。由于西欧家庭电器化发展很快,因此微电机的需用重增长很大。据了解,西德在1978年就销售了家用电机5500万台,中心高从56～132的交流电机360万台。在西欧大约有90个工厂生产上述规格的电机,但由于最近能源紧张,通货膨涨,工业生产不景气,厂商间竞争激烈,纷纷都在高质量、低价格、多品种、交货快、服务好等方面狠下功夫。有些厂还采用薄利多销的办法来扩大竞争能力,如西德的BBC电机厂的纯利润仅为1.1～1.3％。
From August to October 1979, I visited the thirty-seven factories in the electrical industry with the Chinese Electrotechnical Trade Inspection Group in West Germany, the United Kingdom, and France. There are nine small motor plants, which are the BBC Motor Plant in West Germany, the Siemens Bad NeuStadt Motor Plant, the Siemens Household Appliances Plant, the AEG Motor Plant, the AEG Micro Motor Plant, the New and Man Motor Plant in the UK, and the Black & Decker Power Tools The plant and the CEM fractional horsepower plant in France and the BBC-CEM (or Nor-macem) motor plant. The above three countries are industrialized countries. In recent years, due to the extensive application of electronic technology, the development of automation technology has been promoted. In the AEG and other motor plants in West Germany, electronic computers have been used in everything from ordering to the entire production process, product storage and shipment. Due to the rapid development of household electrical appliances in Western Europe, the demand for micro-motors has increased significantly. It is understood that West Germany sold 55 million home electric motors in 1978, and 3.6 million AC motors from 56 to 132 centers. About 90 factories in Western Europe produce motors of the above specifications. However, due to recent energy shortages, inflation, industrial production, and fierce competition among manufacturers, they all have high quality, low prices, many varieties, fast delivery, and services. Good efforts are being made. Some plants also use small profits and quick turnover to expand their competitiveness. For example, BBC’s motor plant in West Germany has a net profit of only 1.1 to 1.3%.