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日本自2000年颁布相关法律后,道路两侧的人行道设计建设迈入规范化。立法的目的是帮助弱势群体,例如老年人、残疾人和儿童能够安全、舒适地使用人行道和公共广场。对于行人而言,安全、舒适的人行道要求包括:路面应没有会导致跌倒的高差,消除令轮椅使用者厌烦的振动。实际上这些要求都指向地面要平坦,但是目前还没有对路面进行平坦度评价的恰当方法。日本混凝土连锁砖路面工程协会(编辑注:英文简称JIPEA)成立了一个专门委员会,开展如何确保混凝土路面砖路面平坦度和现场测量方法的研究工作。本文就是介绍这些研究成果。为寻找测量人行道地表平坦度的最适合方法,用不同方法进行了试验验证,并选择使用1m长直尺进行测量的方法。这种直尺上配备有数字游标卡尺,在任何测量路段,都可按固定间隔测量卡尺与人行道地面之间的距离。用这种装置在场地上进行反复测试测量,以确定最佳测量方法和评价方法。为此,决定采用一种需要两个或三个测量循环的方法,在每块场地上每间隔100mm测量一次,共测量11个点;评价方法采用这11个测量点的标准偏差值和最大高度差值。作者建议标准偏差值不应大于2.4mm,最大高度差不应大于3.0mm。
Since the promulgation of relevant laws in Japan in 2000, the design and construction of the sidewalks on both sides of roads have become standardized. The purpose of the legislation is to help vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, people with disabilities and children, access the sidewalks and public squares safely and comfortably. For pedestrians, safe and comfortable sidewalk requirements include: No differences in the height of the fall caused by the road surface should be avoided, eliminating the annoying vibrations that cause wheelchair users to become annoyed. In fact these requirements point to the ground to be flat, but at present there is no proper way to evaluate the flatness of the road surface. Japan Concrete Block Brick Pavement Engineering Association (Editor’s note: English abbreviation JIPEA) has set up a special committee to carry out how to ensure the concrete pavement brick flatness and field measurement methods of research work. This article is to introduce these findings. In order to find the most suitable method for measuring the surface flatness of sidewalks, different methods were used to verify the experiment, and the method of measuring with 1m long ruler was chosen. This ruler is equipped with a digital vernier caliper that measures the distance between the caliper and the sidewalk floor at regular intervals over any measuring section. This device is used to perform repeated test measurements on the site to determine the best measurement method and evaluation method. To this end, it was decided to adopt a method that requires two or three measurement cycles, measuring once every 100 mm at each site for a total of 11 points. The evaluation method uses the standard deviation value and the maximum height of these 11 measurement points Difference. The authors suggest that the standard deviation value should not be greater than 2.4mm, the maximum height difference should not exceed 3.0mm.