As a nineteenth-century novelist and a twentieth-century poet, Thomas Hardy was greatly influenced by contemporary religion and science. Due to the social background of his time and his personal life experience, religion and science, these two seemingly contradictory factors, played an important role in most of his literary works as well as his own life. This essay tries to demonstrate this point by offering proves from the following aspects: Victorian society at that time, Hardy’s family background, clues in his works and his personal attitude towards nature and human society. As a nineteenth-century novelist and a twentieth-century poet, Thomas Hardy was greatly influenced by contemporary religion and science. Due to the social background of his time and his personal life experience, religion and science, these two seemingly contradictory factors, played an important role in most of his literary works as well as his own life. This essay tries to demonstrate this point by offering proves from the following aspects: Victorian society at that time, Hardy’s family background, clues in his works and his personal attitude towards nature and human society.