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目的:分析肺结核患者痰涂片抗酸菌阳性检出率的影响因素。方法:抽取汕头市潮阳区人民医院于2014年8月至2016年2月收治的120例肺结核患者,对患者的痰标本均进行直接痰涂片对抗酸杆菌(AFB)进行检查,同时对涂片阳性患者的结果予以研究。结果:此研究中的120例患者经过检测后,50例患者为阳性结果,阳性率经计算后为41.67%,其中初治患者阳性检出率经计算后为45%,复治患者阳性检出率为55%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。痰标本阳性检出率经计算后为39.02%,初治患者的痰标本阳性检出率经计算为32.85%,复治患者的痰标本阳性检出率经计算为38.89%,组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时比对涂阴患者比例和涂阳患者比例的咳嗽及咳血、咯血及痰中存在血、发热及午后产生低热以及空洞型肺结核等相关指标,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:抗酸杆菌阳性检出率的影响因素主要表现为对痰标本进行合理的留取方式,对涂片进行检查方式的规范,以及提升痰标本阳性率的检测策略等。
Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of the positive detection rate of sputum smear anti-acid bacteria in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A total of 120 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to Chaoyang District People’s Hospital of Shantou from August 2014 to February 2016 were examined by direct sputum smear on sputum samples of patients with AFB. At the same time, The results of positive patients were studied. Results: The results of 120 patients in this study after the test, 50 patients were positive results, the positive rate was calculated after 41.67%, of which newly diagnosed patients positive rate was 45% after calculation, positive patients were retreatment Rate was 55%, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The positive detection rate of sputum specimens was calculated as 39.02%, the positive detection rate of sputum specimens of newly diagnosed patients was calculated as 32.85%, the positive detection rate of sputum specimens of retreatment patients was calculated as 38.89%, the difference between groups Statistically significant (P <0.05). At the same time, we compared the proportion of smear-positive patients with that of smear-positive patients with cough and hemoptysis, hemoptysis and presence of blood in sputum, fever and afternoon fever as well as empty tuberculosis and other related indicators. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: The main influencing factors of the positive detection rate of acid-fast bacilli are as follows: the proper way of taking the sputum specimen, the method of inspecting the smear and the detecting method of raising the positive rate of the sputum specimen.