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【高考例题】
例1 (2011年山东卷)There’s a_________in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share．
A.tradition
B.balance
C.concern
D.relationship
分析 答案A。本题考查名词。题干中that从句作名词tradition的同位语。
例2 (2010年山东卷)Helping others is a habit,_________you can learn even at an early age．
A.it
B.that
C.what
D.one
分析 答案D。此处one作a habit的同位语。
Be toughminded, but tender hearted.
【考点概述】
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时,我们称它们为同位语。同位语与被它补充说明的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
一、 单词作同位语
This is my close friend Steven. 这是我的亲密朋友Steven。
We Chinese are brave and hardworking. 我们中国人民勤劳勇敢。
The young man seemed different from us all. 这个年轻人好像与我们所有人不同。
Yesterday I talked to my Maths teacher, Mr. Thomas. 昨天我与我的数学老师托马斯先生谈过了。 (此句中同位语Mr. Thomas 补充解释 my Maths teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。)
二、 短语作同位语
(1) 使用不定式作同位语。如：
He says that Computertown was formed for one reason, to bring computers to people. 他说电脑城的成立有一个原因,即把电脑推向人们。
(2) 有时可用形容词作同位语,作用接近定语,但放在所同位名词的后面,且有逗号把它们分开。如：
People, old and young, went out to the street to watch the parade. 男女老少都出去看游行。
(3) 使用介词短语作同位语。如:
Wang Li, just back from the training class, was made director of the Training Team. 王丽,刚从训练班回来的那个,被选为训练队的主管。
(4) 分词短语作同位语。如：
My son is applying for a job teaching English. 我儿子在申请一份教英语的工作。
三、 从句作同位语
【高考例题】
例1 (2011年辽宁卷)When the news came __________the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army．
A.since
B.which
C.that
D.because
分析 答案C。此处that引导同位语从句。作the news的同位语。
例2 (2011年天津卷)Modern science has given clear evidence_________smoking can lead to many diseases．
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
分析 答案C。此处that引导同位语从句。作clear evidence的同位语。
例3 (2009年重庆卷)We should consider the students’ request_________the school library provide more books on popular science.
A.that
B.when
C.which
D.where
分析 答案A。此处that引导同位语从句。作宾语the students’ request的同位语。
仁慈，再仁慈一点。
例4 (2009年浙江卷)—Is there any possibility_________you could pick me up at the airport？
—No problem.
A. whenB. that
C. whetherD. what
分析 答案B。此处that引导同位语从句。作any possibility的同位语。
【考点概述】
(1) 某些名词后面,可以跟that或连接代词(副词)引起的从句作同位语,说明其内容时,该从句就称为同位语从句。
(2) 同位语从句的先行词有：idea, fact, news,hope, belief, thought, doubt, promise, truth, agreement, decision等。如：
I have no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
The news that our team has won the match is true. 这个消息,我们队赢得了比赛,是真实的。
注意：有时这种同位语不紧跟在它说明的名词后面。如：
The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front. 命令很快就到了,即所有的士兵应该立即上前线。
(3) 区别同位语从句和定语从句
把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别,明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限, 同位语从句和定语从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面,但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。试比较：
The news that he won the first prize surprised us all. (同位语从句。that在从句中不作任何成分,和从句没有逻辑关系。) 那个消息,即他得了一等奖,使得我们所有人都惊奇。
The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定语从句。that 在句中作宾语,可以省略) 昨天你告诉我的消息是真实的。
●巩
●固
●练
●习
1. Along with the letter was his promise_________he would visit me next Wednesday, August 31, 2011.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.whether
2. The fact_________the girl works hard in her studies is well known to us all.
A.that
B.what
C.why
D.which
3. There is much chance_________Liu Xiang will recover from his injury in time for the race．
A.that
B.which
C.until
D.if
4. The fact has worried many scientists_________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years．
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.though
5. The suggestion he put forward at the meeting the discussion be delayed was turned down.
A.which
B.that
C./
D.it
6. News came from the school office_________the girl had been admitted to club．
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.where
7. Tomorrow is Maria’s birthday. Have you got any idea_________the party is to be held？
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
8. A warm thought suddenly struck me_________I might buy a toy for my son’s birthday．
A.if
B.when
C.that
D.which
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient’s fear_________he would die of the disease.
A.that
B.as
C.of which
D.which
Be kinder than you have to be.
10. The young worker often asked me the question_________the task was worth doing.
A.whether
B.where
C.that
D.when
11. Information has been put forward_________more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities
A.while
B.that
C.when
D.as
12. The specialists believe that there is no doubt a cure for this kind of disease will be found.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.whether
13. Nobody believed his reason for being late for the conference_________he had to send his uncle to the hospital.
A.why
B.that
C.where
D.because
【参考答案】
1. B 本题考查名词从句。此处用that引导,其不充当句子成分。
2. A 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作主语the fact的同位语。
3. A 本题考查同位语从句的用法。That引导的同位语从句补充说明前面的名词chance。
4. C 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作主语the fact的同位语。
5. B 本题中he put forward at the meeting是定语从句,that从句作主语the suggestion的同位语。
6. C 本题中that从句作主语News 的同位语。
7. D 本题考查同位语从句。句子意思是“你知道聚会要在哪儿开？”。
8. C 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作主语a warm thought 的同位语。
9. A 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作宾语the patient’s fear的同位语。
10. C 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作宾语the question的同位语。
11. B 本题考查名词从句。此处that引导的从句作主语information的同位语。
12. B 在“there is no doubt”后常跟that引导的同位语从句,表示“毫无疑问”之意。
13. B that 引导同位语从句,进一步解释reason。句意为：没有人相信他开会迟到的原因——他必须送他的叔叔去医院。
例1 (2011年山东卷)There’s a_________in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share．
A.tradition
B.balance
C.concern
D.relationship
分析 答案A。本题考查名词。题干中that从句作名词tradition的同位语。
例2 (2010年山东卷)Helping others is a habit,_________you can learn even at an early age．
A.it
B.that
C.what
D.one
分析 答案D。此处one作a habit的同位语。
Be toughminded, but tender hearted.
【考点概述】
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时,我们称它们为同位语。同位语与被它补充说明的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
一、 单词作同位语
This is my close friend Steven. 这是我的亲密朋友Steven。
We Chinese are brave and hardworking. 我们中国人民勤劳勇敢。
The young man seemed different from us all. 这个年轻人好像与我们所有人不同。
Yesterday I talked to my Maths teacher, Mr. Thomas. 昨天我与我的数学老师托马斯先生谈过了。 (此句中同位语Mr. Thomas 补充解释 my Maths teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。)
二、 短语作同位语
(1) 使用不定式作同位语。如：
He says that Computertown was formed for one reason, to bring computers to people. 他说电脑城的成立有一个原因,即把电脑推向人们。
(2) 有时可用形容词作同位语,作用接近定语,但放在所同位名词的后面,且有逗号把它们分开。如：
People, old and young, went out to the street to watch the parade. 男女老少都出去看游行。
(3) 使用介词短语作同位语。如:
Wang Li, just back from the training class, was made director of the Training Team. 王丽,刚从训练班回来的那个,被选为训练队的主管。
(4) 分词短语作同位语。如：
My son is applying for a job teaching English. 我儿子在申请一份教英语的工作。
三、 从句作同位语
【高考例题】
例1 (2011年辽宁卷)When the news came __________the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army．
A.since
B.which
C.that
D.because
分析 答案C。此处that引导同位语从句。作the news的同位语。
例2 (2011年天津卷)Modern science has given clear evidence_________smoking can lead to many diseases．
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
分析 答案C。此处that引导同位语从句。作clear evidence的同位语。
例3 (2009年重庆卷)We should consider the students’ request_________the school library provide more books on popular science.
A.that
B.when
C.which
D.where
分析 答案A。此处that引导同位语从句。作宾语the students’ request的同位语。
仁慈，再仁慈一点。
例4 (2009年浙江卷)—Is there any possibility_________you could pick me up at the airport？
—No problem.
A. whenB. that
C. whetherD. what
分析 答案B。此处that引导同位语从句。作any possibility的同位语。
【考点概述】
(1) 某些名词后面,可以跟that或连接代词(副词)引起的从句作同位语,说明其内容时,该从句就称为同位语从句。
(2) 同位语从句的先行词有：idea, fact, news,hope, belief, thought, doubt, promise, truth, agreement, decision等。如：
I have no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
The news that our team has won the match is true. 这个消息,我们队赢得了比赛,是真实的。
注意：有时这种同位语不紧跟在它说明的名词后面。如：
The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front. 命令很快就到了,即所有的士兵应该立即上前线。
(3) 区别同位语从句和定语从句
把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别,明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限, 同位语从句和定语从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面,但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。试比较：
The news that he won the first prize surprised us all. (同位语从句。that在从句中不作任何成分,和从句没有逻辑关系。) 那个消息,即他得了一等奖,使得我们所有人都惊奇。
The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定语从句。that 在句中作宾语,可以省略) 昨天你告诉我的消息是真实的。
●巩
●固
●练
●习
1. Along with the letter was his promise_________he would visit me next Wednesday, August 31, 2011.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.whether
2. The fact_________the girl works hard in her studies is well known to us all.
A.that
B.what
C.why
D.which
3. There is much chance_________Liu Xiang will recover from his injury in time for the race．
A.that
B.which
C.until
D.if
4. The fact has worried many scientists_________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years．
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.though
5. The suggestion he put forward at the meeting the discussion be delayed was turned down.
A.which
B.that
C./
D.it
6. News came from the school office_________the girl had been admitted to club．
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.where
7. Tomorrow is Maria’s birthday. Have you got any idea_________the party is to be held？
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
8. A warm thought suddenly struck me_________I might buy a toy for my son’s birthday．
A.if
B.when
C.that
D.which
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient’s fear_________he would die of the disease.
A.that
B.as
C.of which
D.which
Be kinder than you have to be.
10. The young worker often asked me the question_________the task was worth doing.
A.whether
B.where
C.that
D.when
11. Information has been put forward_________more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities
A.while
B.that
C.when
D.as
12. The specialists believe that there is no doubt a cure for this kind of disease will be found.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.whether
13. Nobody believed his reason for being late for the conference_________he had to send his uncle to the hospital.
A.why
B.that
C.where
D.because
【参考答案】
1. B 本题考查名词从句。此处用that引导,其不充当句子成分。
2. A 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作主语the fact的同位语。
3. A 本题考查同位语从句的用法。That引导的同位语从句补充说明前面的名词chance。
4. C 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作主语the fact的同位语。
5. B 本题中he put forward at the meeting是定语从句,that从句作主语the suggestion的同位语。
6. C 本题中that从句作主语News 的同位语。
7. D 本题考查同位语从句。句子意思是“你知道聚会要在哪儿开？”。
8. C 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作主语a warm thought 的同位语。
9. A 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作宾语the patient’s fear的同位语。
10. C 本题考查名词从句。此处that从句作宾语the question的同位语。
11. B 本题考查名词从句。此处that引导的从句作主语information的同位语。
12. B 在“there is no doubt”后常跟that引导的同位语从句,表示“毫无疑问”之意。
13. B that 引导同位语从句,进一步解释reason。句意为：没有人相信他开会迟到的原因——他必须送他的叔叔去医院。