在插叙了《浮士德》的诞生条件和经过之后,我们再回到探讨这部伟大的诗剧的内涵上来。应该讲,从笔者对剧情的讲述和随后的概括中,已显露出了作品第二层的意义即道德意义,或者如我们习惯于讲的批判意义。简言之,主人公的五幕悲剧便是五重批判或五个否定:一批判否定中世纪脱离现实的僵死知识,二批判否定封建社会特别是教会对人性的扼杀,三批判否定德国封建朝廷的腐败,四批判否定对于往昔和“美”的不切实际的幻想和追求,五批判否定资本主义原始积累的野蛮残酷。当然,批判否定的同时,也颂扬和肯定了主人公永不满足和勇敢追求的精神,颂扬和肯定了他临终前对人生意义在于为大众造福的认识和理想。 After the introduction of the conditions for the birth of Faust and the passage of time, we will return to discussing the meaning of this great poetic drama. It should be said that from the narration and subsequent generalization of the story by the author, the significance of the second layer of the work has been revealed, that is, moral significance, or the critical meaning as we are accustomed to speaking. In short, the five tragedies of the protagonist are five or five negatives: one criticizes the rigid knowledge of the Middle Ages denying reality, the second criticizes the feudal society, especially the church, and stifles human nature. The three critiques negate the corruption of the feudal court in Germany , The four critics denied the unrealistic illusions and pursuits of the past and the “beauty,” and the five critiques rejected the brutal cruelty of the primitive accumulation of capitalism. Of course, while criticizing and denying, it praised and affirmed the hero’s unfulfilled and bravely pursuing spirit and celebrated and affirmed his understanding and ideal of meaning that his meaning in life before death was to benefit the public.