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目的分析2013-2015年哈尔滨市道里区手足口病的流行病学特征,为有效制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法和F检验,对发病数据进行分析。结果哈尔滨市道里区2013-2015年共报告手足口病例1 355例,总发病率为44.12/10万人,1例重症,无死亡病例,发病高峰为7-8月,8月病例最多,占病例总数的36.53%;农村、城乡接合部为病例高发区,病例主要集中在5岁以下,占全部病例的92.25%,职业分布以散居儿童为主,占发病数的71.66%,男女性别比例为1.55∶1。结论手足口病的流行具有明显的季节性、地区性及人群特征,应在高发季节对重点区域和重点人群广泛开展综合性防控措施,有效地预防和控制疾病的发生和流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Daoli District of Harbin from 2013 to 2015 and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods and F test were used to analyze the incidence data. Results A total of 1 355 hand-foot-mouth cases were reported in Daoli District, Harbin during 2013-2015. The total incidence rate was 44.12 per 100 000. One case was severe and no death was found. The peak incidence was from July to August. The most cases were in August, accounting for 36.53% of the total number of cases; rural, urban junction is the high incidence of cases, the cases are mainly concentrated in the 5-year-old, accounting for 92.25% of all cases, occupational distribution to scattered children, accounting for 71.66% of the number of incidence, male to female ratio 1.55: 1. Conclusions The prevalence of hand, foot and mouth disease has significant seasonal, regional and population characteristics. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be widely implemented in key areas and key populations in the high incidence season so as to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of diseases.