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目前,测定r值和n值的实验方法主要有两种:即电测法和手测法。电测法是用电子引伸计来控制试样变形的,其优点是灵敏度高,测值比较准确;缺点是所需辅助设备多,而且较昂贵,一般工厂实验室难以具备;加上引伸计的自重和不易卡紧等原因,应用于极薄板还存在不少问题。在手测法中试样的变形是由工人手持量具来监控的。手测法的优点是,除量具外,无需其它辅助设备,操作简便,无论厚板、薄板均可应用,但是由于一般量具精度不够,加上人为因素影响,手测法误差较大。尽管如此,根据我国国情,手测法仍不失为测定r值和n值的重要实验方法。本文就是从这个观点出发对如何进一步提高手测法的实验精度,简化程序和完善实验方法等问题进行了探讨。
At present, there are mainly two kinds of experimental methods for determining r value and n value: electric measurement and hand measurement. Electrical measurement is the use of electronic extensometer to control the deformation of the sample, which has the advantage of high sensitivity, more accurate measurement; disadvantage is the required auxiliary equipment and more expensive general factory laboratories difficult to have; with extensometer Weight and not easy to chuck and other reasons, there are still many problems for the very thin plate. The deformation of the specimen during hand measurement is monitored by the hand-held measuring device of the worker. The advantage of hand measurement is that, in addition to the measuring tool, no other auxiliary equipment is required and the operation is easy. The thick plate and the thin plate can be used. However, due to the lack of accuracy of the measuring gauge and the human factors, the hand measurement error is larger. Nevertheless, according to China’s national conditions, hand measurement is still an important experimental method for the determination of r and n values. This article is from this point of view on how to further improve the accuracy of hand-test method, simplify the program and improve the experimental methods and other issues were discussed.