乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染引起的乙型肝炎已成为全球范围的严重公共卫生问题之一,HBV感染人群往往成为肝硬化和肝癌的高发人群。由于X蛋白可通过直接和间接的方式作用于病毒和宿主细胞,与乙型肝炎和肝癌的发生、发展有着密切的关系,从而成为近年来的研究热点。本文就近年来国内外对于X蛋白结构及生物学功能等的相关研究做一综述。 Hepatitis B caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has become one of the serious public health problems in the world. HBV-infected people often become the high-risk population of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Since X protein can act on viruses and host cells both directly and indirectly, it has close relationship with the occurrence and development of Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular carcinoma, and has become a research focus in recent years. In this paper, we reviewed the related research on the structure and biological function of X protein at home and abroad in recent years.