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有充分的文献材料显示,19世纪美国作家亨利·戴维·梭罗曾一度地热衷于印度古典智慧文献。然而,作为一名自然主义者及环境保护论者,他早期乃至终身都痴迷于中国哲学的事实却鲜为人知。19世纪30年代,在波士顿可以找到中国古典文献的法译本。梭罗就读于哈佛大学时曾热切地阅读了那些法译本。从哈佛毕业后,他仍孜孜不倦地阅读中国古典文献并对孔孟的著作给予了高度评价,他在自己的著作中经常引用此类文献,并将它们从法文译为英文发表在文学杂志《日晷》上。19世纪早期就有大量的中国古典文献涌进美国马萨诸塞州的众多图书馆,法国汉学家J.P.A.雷慕萨出版了一系列关于中国文献的书,这些书当时在有教养的美国人中享有极高的知名度。此外,让-皮埃尔·纪尧姆·鲍狄埃所翻译的大量法译本也在美国广为流传。在梭罗隐居于瓦尔登湖畔之前,他已经有充足的时间去阅读和汲取中国文献的精华。事实上,他的著作大量引用了中国文献。在热衷于鲍狄埃著作的同时,梭罗还大量吸收了流传于新英格兰地区的东方文献的其他版本,包括大卫·科利翻译的《四书》以及乔舒亚·马什曼译著的《孔子的著作》。通过这些研究,这篇论文进一步阐述了这段历史,揭示了中国古代理想、尤其是那些关于自然的思想对于梭罗这位作家和伟人的影响。
There is ample literature to show that the 19th-century American writer Henry David Thoreau once had a passion for Indian classical wisdom literature. However, as a naturalist and environmentalist, his early and even lifelong obsession with Chinese philosophy is little known. In the 1830s, French translations of Chinese classical documents were found in Boston. Thoreau was eager to read French translations while at Harvard. After graduating from Harvard, he still diligently read the Chinese classical literature and spoke highly of Confucius and Mencius’ works. He frequently quotes such literature in his own works and translates them from French into English in the literary magazine “Sundial ”on. In the early 1800s a large number of Chinese classical literature flooded Massachusetts’s numerous libraries, and French sinologist JPA Remussa published a series of books on Chinese literature that enjoyed very high literacy among Americans Visibility. In addition, a large number of French translations by Jean-Pierre Guillaume Bowie et al. Have also been widely circulated in the United States. Thoreau had plenty of time to read and learn the best of Chinese literature before her retirement at Walden. In fact, his works make extensive references to Chinese literature. While enthusiastic about Bowie’s writings, Thoreau also absorbed other versions of the Oriental literature circulating in New England, including the four books translated by David Colly and Joshua Maschinen’s “Confucius’s book.” Through these studies, this essay further elaborates on the history and reveals the influence of ancient Chinese ideals, especially those concerning nature, on Thoreau’s writer and great man.