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Objective:To investigate the effects of Modified Sanhuang Decoction(加味三黄汤,MSD)enema on the serum tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)and colonic mucosa interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in experimental ulcerative colitis(UC)rats.Methods:Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal group(n=12),model group(n=11),salazosulfapyridine(SASP)group(n=11)and MSD group(n=11).The UC model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)/ethanol solution.Rats in the normal group and model group were clystered with 0.9%normal saline,while in the SASP group and MSD group were clystered with SASP and MSD enema,respectively.After drug administration(10 mL/kg body weight,for 7 days),colonic gross changes and colonic mucosa histology were observed,serum TNF-αand colonic mucosa IL-1β,IL-6 levels were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay,respectively.Results:As compared with the normal group,the experimental UC rats,the colonic mucosal damage index scores(CMDIs),histopathological scores(HS)and the serum TNF-a and colonic mucosa IL-1β,IL-6 levels significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In the MSD and SASP groups,the ulcer area significantly reduced,and edema disappeared.The CMDIs,HS,the serum TNF-a and colonic mucosa IL-1β,IL-6 levels in the MSD and SASP groups significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01)compared with the model group.The CMDIs in the MSD group were lower than that in the SASP group(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in HS,serum TNF-αor colonic mucosa IL-1β,IL-6 levels between the MSD and SASP groups.Conclusion:MSD enema can improve colonic mucosa impairment and decrease serum TNF-αand colonic mucosa IL-1β,IL-6 levels in experimental UC.