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紧急疫情是防疫工作中一类异常特殊又十分紧急的情况,具有来势猛、发病率高、波及面广、危害重等特点,如不及时调查、处理,会对人民健康和经济建设带来极大影响。1988年1、2月间上海地区发生了一起震惊全球的甲型肝炎暴发流行,发病人数高达30万左右。本文以此为例,详细叙述了紧急疫情发生的特点,紧急疫情的发现方法:尤其就如何应用流行病学的基本原理和方法,从描述流行病学、分析流行病学和实验流行病学三方面对这次甲肝暴发流行的病因判断、流行特征分析和成因调查作了详细的论述。尽管这次甲肝暴发流行对上海人民是一场自然灾害,使生产遭到了巨大的损害,但为我国今后防疫工作中如何处理紧急疫情提供了借鉴。
An emergency outbreak is an exceptionally special and very urgent situation in epidemic prevention work. It has the characteristics of fierce prevalence, high incidence, wide spread and serious harm. If it is not investigated and handled in time, it will bring great harm to people’s health and economic construction Great influence. In January and February 1988, a global outbreak of hepatitis A occurred in Shanghai. The number of cases was as high as 300,000. This article takes this as an example, narrates the characteristics of the emergency outbreak and the method of discovering the emergency epidemic in detail: especially on the application of the basic principle and method of epidemiology, from the description of epidemiology, analysis of epidemiology and experimental epidemiology In the face of the etiology of the outbreak of hepatitis A, epidemiological analysis and cause of investigation made a detailed discussion. Although this outbreak of hepatitis A is a natural disaster to the people of Shanghai, it has caused tremendous damage to production. However, it provides a reference for how to deal with the emergency outbreak in future epidemic prevention in our country.