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“Any”要受否定的成分统制而“任何”可以不受否定的成分统制。我们认为这一允准差异与英、汉语中制约条件的等级排列有关。“Any”短语不能做否定陈述句的主语是因为在英语的主语位上否定吸附规则高于前焦规则,要求“any”吸纳谓语中的否定成分,用否定性不定代词取代任选词。现代汉语中无否定性不定代词,否定吸附规则被抑制,前焦规则被激发,“任何”短语可做否定陈述句的主语,它后面常跟焦点标记词“都”或“也”等。文章先评述解释这一现象的相关理论,然后用优选论说明任选词的允准差异与特定语言的优选规则相关。
“Any ” is subject to the negative elements and “any ” may not be subject to negative elements. We think this discrepancy is related to the rankings of the constraints in English and Chinese. “Any ” phrase can not be the subject of a negative statement because the Negative Adherence Rule is higher than the Front Coefficient Rule in the subject of English, requiring “any ” to absorb the negative elements in the predicate and replace the optional with a negative adverb word. In modern Chinese, there are no negative adverbs, the rules of negative adsorption are suppressed and the rules of frontal coke are stimulated. The phrase “any” can be the subject of negative statements, which are often followed by the focus mark “” or “ ”Wait. The article first reviews the theories that explain this phenomenon and then uses the theory of preference to show that allowance discrepancies for the optional words are related to the preferred rules for a particular language.