比喻就是通常所说的“打比方”。一般是用具体的、浅显的、熟知的事物来说明描述抽象的、深奥的、生疏的事物。比喻一般包括三个部分:一是本体(被比喻物),二是喻体(比喻物),三是比喻词(用于本体和喻体之间标志比喻的词语)。但在小语教材中却出现了特殊情况:一是无比喻词却是比喻句;二是有比喻词却非比喻句。笔者发现部分语文教师,在教学中忽视了上述两种情况的区别,造成了知识性错误,现就教材中的有关例句予以分辨。 Metaphor is commonly referred to as “analogy.” It is generally to describe the abstract, esoteric, strange things with specific, plain, well-known things. The metaphor generally consists of three parts: one is the ontology (metaphor), the second is the metaphor (figurative), and the third is the metaphorical word (the metaphor for signs between the ontology and the metaphor). However, there are some special cases in the textbooks: one is metaphorical words are metaphorical sentences; the other is metaphorical words are non-metaphorical sentences. I found that some Chinese teachers ignore the differences between the above two cases in teaching, resulting in a knowledge error, and the related examples in teaching materials are now discernible.