股份制在四、五百年的社会实践中不断补充完善,现已成为适应于商品经济社会化大生产的国际通行的高层次的经济管理法规制度。对于人类创造的这一管理制度性成果,我们理应“拿来”利用。这种“利用”既不能不顾现实基础地生搬硬套,也不能拘泥于现状而舍弃股份制的固有特征和基本规范。否则,可能会导致邯郸学步、适得其反。比如,可能在股份制的名义下搞出更加短期化的企业行为等等。那么,股份制的特征和规范是什么呢? 首先,我们应当明确,股份制和合股经营不是同一概念。股份制是在合股经营从初级形式发展到高级形式的过程中产生和日趋完善的一系列经 The joint-stock system has been continuously supplemented and perfected in the social practice of four or five hundred years. It has now become an internationally accepted high-level economic management and regulations system adapted to the large-scale production of commodity economy and socialization. For this management institutional result created by mankind, we should “take it” and use it. This kind of “utilization” can neither be applied rigidly to the reality, nor can it be rigidly adhered to the status quo and abandon the inherent characteristics and basic norms of the shareholding system. Otherwise, it may lead to schooling and backfire. For example, in the name of joint-stock companies, it may be possible to make more short-term corporate behaviors. Then, what are the characteristics and norms of joint-stock system? First of all, we should make it clear that joint-stock system and joint-stock management are not the same concept. The joint-stock system is a series of productions that have evolved and matured in the course of the development of the joint stock operation from the primary form to the advanced form.