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采用三元溶胶-凝胶技术和超临界干燥法制备出纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂,用扫描电镜和元素分析仪对其颗粒表面进行形貌表征和元素分析;将其应用至交联改性双基推进剂中,研究了该复合催化剂对推进剂燃烧性能及火焰结构的影响,并与同配比的微米级PbO/CuO/CB混合催化剂进行了对比。结果表明,采用该方法制备的纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂颗粒分布均匀,单组分含量可以有效控制,PbO和CuO均匀负载在纳米炭上,颗粒尺寸为30~60nm,可有效改善交联改性双基推进剂的燃烧性能;当PbO、CuO、CB的摩尔比为5∶10∶3时,推进剂在10~20 MPa内的燃速压强指数可降至0.36;与含微米级PbO/CuO/CB混合催化剂的推进剂相比,含纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂的推进剂火焰燃面更不规则,火焰亮度和亮黄丝线明显增加,燃烧更为剧烈,表明纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂对交联改性双基推进剂催化效果明显优于微米级PbO/CuO/CB混合催化剂。
The nano-carbon supported PbO · CuO composite catalyst was prepared by ternary sol-gel technique and supercritical drying method. The surface morphology and elemental analysis of the particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The effects of the composite catalyst on the combustion performance and flame structure of the propellants were studied. The results were compared with those of the micron-sized PbO / CuO / CB mixed catalysts. The results show that the PbO · CuO composite catalyst prepared by the method has uniform particle distribution and single component content can be effectively controlled. The PbO and CuO are uniformly supported on the nano-carbon with the particle size of 30-60 nm, which can effectively improve the crosslinking When the molar ratio of PbO, CuO and CB is 5:10: 3, the burning rate pressure index of propellants in 10 ~ 20 MPa can be reduced to 0.36; / CuO / CB mixed catalyst propellants compared with the nano-carbon containing PbO · CuO composite catalyst propellant flame surface is more irregular, the flame brightness and bright yellow wire significantly increased combustion more severe, indicating that the carbon-supported PbO CuO composite catalyst for cross-linked modified double base propellant was significantly better than the micro-level PbO / CuO / CB mixed catalyst.