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矿山巷道、硐室工程中衬砌与围岩紧密接触的称之为贴壁结构。离壁衬砌则恰恰与此相反,除拱脚以外,各处均与围岩离开一定距离,以便采取防水、防潮、消除噪音措施和进行空气调节等等,从而为地下工程的合理使用闯出一条道路。空顶距离的大小与工艺要求、水文地质条件等有关。需要人员进入空顶内进行施工操作时,距离可大些;仅作消音、空调等,距离可小些。一般应在20～60厘米为宜(如
Mine tunnel, chamber engineering lining and rock in close contact called the adherent structure. In contrast to the lining of the wall, in addition to the arches, all parts of the wall are separated from the surrounding rock for waterproofing, moisture proofing, noise abatement measures and air conditioning and so on, so as to make a reasonable use of underground works the way. The distance between the top and the size of the process requirements, hydrogeological conditions and so on. Need to enter the top of the staff to carry out construction operations, the distance can be larger; only for silencers, air conditioners, the distance may be smaller. Generally should be 20 to 60 cm is appropriate (such as