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目的总结食管平滑肌瘤影像学诊断及鉴别分析的经验。方法分析2003年至2012年间13例食管平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料。结果大部分患者以进食困难为首发症状就诊。而影像学方面诊断准确率为食管钡剂低张双对比造影检查为69.2%，C T为41.7%，食管内镜仅为25%。结论 X线检查是诊断食管平滑肌瘤的主要方法，食管钡剂低张双对比造影造影检查对病变的定位、定性及显示黏膜情况均较准确，而且CT能进一步明确病变的内部结构及与周围脏器的关系；食管内镜检查能为本病的术前诊断提供有力的依据，所以X线检查与食管内镜检查对食管平滑肌瘤的诊断可互相补充其不足，提高诊断的准确率。“,” Objective: Summarize the experiences of radiologic characteristic and differential diagnosis about the esophageal leiomyomas. Methods: Analyze 13 cases of the esophageal leiomyomas from 2003 to 2012, and gathering material for research. Results: The premonitory symptoms in most patients were usual y difficulty in feeding. At the same time, the diagnostic with gastrointestinal barium meal series, CT and gastric endoscope for esophageal leiomyoma is helpful, which has a high diagnosis rate about 69.2%, 41.7% and 25%. Conclusion: X-ray examination is the major means for diagnosis of esophageal leiomyoma. For example, gastrointestinal barium meal series is far more accuracy at lesion located, qualitative and showed the mucosal condition, while CT wil describe the internal structure of lesions and the relationship with the surrounding organs very wel . However, gastric endoscope stil can provide strong evidence for the surgery. So X-ray examination and gastric endoscope can help to diagnosis of esophageal leiomyoma, and improve the accuracy rate of diagnosis together.