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在成熟、低压、低饱和及低渗透油藏环境中,需要对油井的钻井及维修程序进行预先设计。目前,油藏和机械设备之间的桥通技术仅限于用钻井液钻井、固井、完井、修井及提高采收率技术措施。所使用的钻井液及其成分是为了增强油井机械作业的主要桥通技术,更重要的是这些流体是油藏与外界最主要的接触媒介,因此它是仅次于油藏本身最有价值的确定油藏产能的因素。流体和化学药剂的选择不仅仅依赖于岩石本身和油藏的物性,同时也要参考钻井过程中暴露的岩层及其物性。总而言之,流体的选择着眼于限制流体自由过渡为油藏流体的能力,控制高流动性流体的侵入,及优化岩石与侵入和吸入过程中伴生的流体和气体间的表面张力。应用微溶技术控制相互间作用的负面影响,降低泥饼的排出压力,在钻井和完井过程中减少吸入和侵入流体的回流,降低相的捕获。在修井作业过程中使用微溶技术提高了补充流体的作业效率,使油藏对烃类的渗透率趋于理想化,增加了油藏的产油潜能。
In mature, low-pressure, low-saturation and low-permeability reservoirs, well drilling and repair procedures for oil wells need to be pre-engineered. At present, bridge technology between reservoirs and mechanical equipment is limited to technical measures of drilling, cementing, completion, workover and oil recovery using drilling fluids. The drilling fluid and its components used are the main bridging technologies to enhance the well’s mechanical work. More importantly, these fluids are the most important contact medium between the reservoir and the outside world and therefore are the most valuable second only to the reservoir itself Factors determining reservoir productivity. The selection of fluids and chemistries depends not only on the physical properties of the rock itself and the reservoir but also on the rock formation and its physical properties exposed during drilling. In summary, the choice of fluids focuses on limiting the ability of the fluid to freely flow into a reservoir fluid, controlling the intrusion of highly fluid fluids, and optimizing the surface tension between fluid and gas associated with rock and intrusions and inhalation. The use of sparingly soluble technology to control the negative effects of interaction between each other and reduce the discharge pressure of the mud cake, reduce the backflow of inhaled and invaded fluids during drilling and completion, and reduce the phase capture. In the workover process, the use of slightly soluble technology improves the working efficiency of the replenishment fluid and tends to idealize the hydrocarbon permeability of the reservoir and increase the oil production potential of the reservoir.