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目的通过了解冷水江市某锑冶炼厂锑性皮炎的发病情况,为更好地防治锑性皮炎提供科学依据。方法对2013年锑性皮炎患者进行回顾性调查和职业流行病学分析。结果 198例锑性皮炎患者有77.8%出现丘疹、水泡,49.5%的出现脓泡,42.4%的出现脓肿。瘙痒、刺痛和影响休息睡眠的分别占88.9%、59.6%和75.8%。接触工龄<2 a的皮炎患者占43.43%,2或3 a者为14.14%,4或5年者为10.61%。用含地塞米松类氧疮药组的症状缓解有效率为97.97%,不使用地塞米松类氧疮药组仅有40.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=90.44,P<0.05)。结论改革生产工艺、加强通风、降低车间温度是预防锑性皮炎的根本措施。
Objective To understand the incidence of antimony dermatitis in an antimony smelter in Lengshuijiang City and provide a scientific basis for better prevention and treatment of antimony dermatitis. Methods Retrospective investigation and occupational epidemiological analysis of antimony dermatitis patients in 2013 were conducted. Results Among the 198 patients with antimony dermatitis, 77.8% had papules, blisters, 49.5% appeared abscesses and 42.4% developed abscesses. Pruritus, stinging and rest sleeping affect 88.9%, 59.6% and 75.8% respectively. 43.43% of patients with dermatitis who were under the age of <2 years of service, 14.14% after 2 or 3 years and 10.61% after 4 or 5 years. The effective rate of relieving symptoms was 97.97% in the dexamethasone group and 40.00% in the dexamethasone group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 90.44, P <0.05). Conclusion The fundamental measures to prevent antimony dermatitis are to reform the production technology, strengthen the ventilation and reduce the workshop temperature.