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颅内压增高是临床常见的、危急的综合征,为神经疾病患者最常见的死因之一,必须紧急救治,以挽救病人生命,或尽可能防止发生严重灼后遗症。正常成人的颅内压为60~180mmH_2O柱,180~200mmH_2O柱为颅内压可疑增高,>200mmH_2O柱者为颅内压增高。临床上经腰椎穿刺测定脑脊液压力一般可正确反映颅内压,但在脑肿胀及颅内占位病变时,增高的颅内压常不能完全传递到脊髓蛛网膜下腔,是应当注意的。颅内压由颅内结构(脑脊液量、血容量与小动脉—毛细血管压力、脑或其他组织)所构成,根据Monro-Kellie原理:颅内结构除了血管与颅外相通外,基本上可以把颅腔(包括与之相连的脊髓腔)当作一个不能伸缩的,总容积不变的容器。而颅内各结构的体积在一定范围内是可相互置换的。可见颅内压力一容积
Increased intracranial pressure is a common clinical and critical syndrome, one of the most common causes of death in patients with neurological diseases. It must be urgently treated to save the patient’s life or to prevent possible serious sequelae. Normal adult intracranial pressure of 60 ~ 180mmH_2O column, 180 ~ 200mmH_2O column for suspicious intracranial pressure increased,> 200mmH_2O column were increased intracranial pressure. Clinically measured by lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid pressure can generally correctly reflect intracranial pressure, but in brain swelling and intracranial space lesions, increased intracranial pressure often can not be completely transmitted to the spinal cord subarachnoid space, it should be noted. Intracranial pressure by the intracranial structure (volume of cerebrospinal fluid, blood volume and arterioles - capillary pressure, brain or other tissue), according to Monro-Kellie principle: intracranial structure in addition to blood vessels and extracranial communication, basically can put The cranial cavity (including the spinal cord cavity connected to it) is treated as a non-stretchable container with the same total volume. The structure of the brain volume within a certain range can be mutually replaceable. Visible intracranial pressure of a volume