先秦秦汉时期中原王朝的统治者的国家观念和边界意识十分模糊,比较发达的是“夏”“夷”观念。其核心是中国即天下,视少数民族和周边国家为“夷狄”。这种观念及其指导下的政策,既有促进民族融合和中国文化传播的积极作用,也有不能平等对待少数民族和周边国家的弊端,尤其妨碍了对先进文化的吸纳和近代外交理念的建立。 During the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, the rulers of the Central Plains dynasty had a very vague national awareness and border consciousness. The more developed one is the concept of “summer” and “tribe”. Its core is that China is the world, as ethnic minorities and neighboring countries for the “barbarians.” This concept and the policies under its guidance not only promote the national integration and the spread of Chinese culture, but also can not treat the malpractices of ethnic minorities and neighboring countries on an equal footing. In particular, they have hindered the absorption of advanced culture and the establishment of modern diplomatic ideology.