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钾素营养充足,可以提高作物抗逆能力和产量。随着氮、磷肥在生产中施用的增加,钾肥已逐渐成为作物产量的最大限制因子。大豆开花后籽粒形成期是大豆氮素积累、产量提高的重要时期,文章对钾肥施用后菜用大豆和普通大豆两者开花后氮素的积累进行了比较研究。在正常氮磷种肥用量基础上,设置3种施钾处理:不施钾(K0)、种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)(K1)、种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)且在花、荚期喷施30 kg·hm~(-2)叶面钾肥(K2),探究菜用大豆、普通大豆开花后28~56 d内籽粒、叶片、茎中氮素积累动态。结果表明:施用钾肥增进两种类型大豆植株各部位中氮素积累。同时期内,两种类型大豆在各施肥处理下各部位的氮素积累量均为K2>K1>K0,大豆植株各部位中相对氮素累积量均为籽粒>叶片>茎。钾肥施用对提高菜用大豆籽粒氮素含量的效应高于普通大豆,与K0相比,K2处理下菜用大豆、普通大豆籽粒平均氮素含量分别增加了0.19%和0.1%。施用钾肥提高了菜用大豆叶片氮素转移效率,相比K0处理,K1、K2处理分别增加了6.1%、8.2%,而对普通大豆影响不大。钾肥施用显著增加普通大豆茎中氮素积累,但菜用大豆品种间差异较大。
Adequate potassium nutrition, can improve crop resilience and yield. With the increasing application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer in production, potash fertilizer has gradually become the maximum limiting factor of crop yield. The seed formation stage after flowering of soybean is an important period of soybean nitrogen accumulation and yield increase. In this paper, the nitrogen accumulation of both vegetable and common soybean after potash application was compared. Based on the normal nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application, three K treatments were set up: K 0, K 120 kg · hm -2, K 120 kg · hm ~ (-2) and 30 kg · hm -2 foliar potash fertilizer (K2) were sprayed on the flower and pod stage to study the effect of nitrogen (N) contents in grains, leaves and stems of vegetable soybean and common soybean within 28-56 d after flowering Accumulate dynamic. The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizer enhanced nitrogen accumulation in different parts of two types of soybean plants. During the same period, the accumulation of nitrogen in different parts of the two types of soybean was K2> K1> K0 under all fertilization treatments. The relative nitrogen accumulation in all parts of soybean plants was in the order of grain> leaf> stem. The effect of potash application on increasing nitrogen content of vegetable soybean was higher than that of common soybean. Compared with K0, the average nitrogen content of vegetable soybean and common soybean increased by 0.19% and 0.1% respectively under K2 treatment. Compared with K0 treatment, K1 and K2 treatment increased the nitrogen transfer efficiency of vegetable soybean leaves by 6.1% and 8.2%, respectively, but had little effect on common soybean. Potassium application significantly increased nitrogen accumulation in common soybean stems, but there was significant difference among vegetable soybean varieties.