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[目的]构建具有仿真结构的壳聚糖神经支架,评价其在体桥接大鼠15mm坐骨神经缺损的修复效果.[方法]应用自主研发的梯度冷冻干燥技术,制备具有仿真结构的壳聚糖神经支架.将该仿真支架修复大鼠15 mm坐骨神经缺损,应用形态计量学、逆行示踪、神经电生理以及行为学检测评价该仿真支架的修复效果.[结果]本实验构建的壳聚糖支架具有轴向平行排列的微管样超微结构,该结构高度仿真于正常神经基底膜结构.在修复大鼠15 mm坐骨神经缺损的实验中,该仿真支架可取得与自体神经移植相似的修复效果.[结论]高仿真壳聚糖神经支架具有与正常神经高度仿真的内部结构,在体修复效果好,有望成为自体神经移植的替代产品.“,”[Objective]To develop biomimicking chitosan scaffolds with longitudinally oriented micro- channels, and investigate their efficacy in bridging 15 mm sciatic nerve gap in rats.[Methods]Chitosan scaffolds with longitudinally oriented micro -channels were fabricated using unidirectional freezing- dry methods. The chitosan scaffolds were used to bridge 15 mm nerve defect in rats, and their efficacy in bridging nerve gap was evaluated by morphometric analysis, retrograde labeling, electrophysiological studies and behavioral analysis.[Results]The chitosan scaffolds developed in the present study showed longitudinally oriented micro - channels, which resembled the dimensions of basal lamina channels in normal nerves. Implantation of chitosan scaffold achieved axonal regeneration and functional recovery similar to autograft implantation in vivo.[Conclusion]The chitosan scaffolds have inner microstructures which resemble the basal lamina channels in normal nerves. The chitosan scaffold may be used as an alternative to autograft in bridging nerve gaps.