目的探索预防低出生体重儿的孕期监测重点。方法896例自愿接受调查的产妇,在产后24h时对其进行问卷调查有关家庭、社会、经济情况及人口学特征,同时摘录相关孕期检查记录卡;对早产儿组低出生体重儿342例、足月小样儿(small for gestationalage,SGA)组低出生体重儿108例、对照组446例进行病例—对照研究。结果三组中,早产组出生体重最低,且目前早产是低出生体重的主要原因;早产组孕妇的高危因素评分均高于对照组,而SGA组孕妇的高危评分在35~36周前与对照组相近,在35~36周时评分明显升高,高于早产组;孕期B超胎儿双顶径检测结果,在三组间16~40周差异均有统计学意义,SGA组16~40周B超检测胎头双顶径始终小于对照组,除了16~20周早产组B超检测胎头双顶径略大于对照组外,其余孕周早产组均小于对照组;SGA组收缩压与舒张压都明显高于对照组,都在110/70mmHg以上,且随孕周逐渐升高,但均尚未达到妊娠高血压病水平,早产组舒张压较对照组高,但仍小于SGA组;SGA组除16~20周外其余孕周的宫高均小于对照组,且差距逐渐加大,SGA组16~40周的腹围均小于对照组,早产组除33~34周外其余孕周的宫高均大于对照组,早产组的腹围与对照组比较接近。结论从孕期预防低出生体重儿,重点是预防早产儿的发生,如果能够避免早产,则完全可以避免由于早产而造成的低出生体重儿;从孕21周开始注意关注孕妇的高危因素和胎儿宫内发育迟缓的相关因素,对有高危因素者加强监护;B超检测胎儿双顶径值、孕妇收缩压与舒张压值、宫高值、腹围值均为孕期监测不可忽视的重要指标。 Objective To explore the focus of pregnancy monitoring to prevent low birth weight infants. Methods A total of 896 mothers who volunteered to be surveyed were surveyed by questionnaire about their family, social, economic and demographic characteristics 24 hours after delivery, and their related records of pregnancy check were extracted. 342 preterm children with low birth weight 108 cases of low birth weight infants in the small for gestationalage (SGA) group and 446 cases in the control group were case-control study. Results In the three groups, the birth weight of the preterm birth group was the lowest, and the present preterm birth was the main reason of the low birth weight. The risk factors of the pregnant women in the preterm birth group were higher than those in the control group, while those in the SGA group were 35-36 weeks old Group at 35-36 weeks, the score was significantly higher than that of premature labor group. The results of biparietal diameter of fetus during pregnancy were statistically significant between 16 and 40 weeks in SGA group, and between 16 and 40 weeks in SGA group B-test fetal head biparietal diameter is always less than the control group, except for 16 to 20 weeks premature birth group B-test fetal head biparietal diameter slightly larger than the control group, the other preterm gestational premature children were less than the control group; SGA systolic blood pressure and diastolic Pressure were significantly higher than the control group, both in 110 / 70mmHg above, and with gestational weeks increased, but have not yet reached the level of pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature labor group diastolic blood pressure was higher than the control group, but still smaller than the SGA group; SGA group In addition to 16 to 20 weeks outside the other gestational weeks of the Palace were lower than the control group, and the gap gradually increased, SGA group 16 to 40 weeks of abdominal circumference were less than the control group, preterm except for 33 to 34 weeks in the other gestational weeks outside the Palace The average height was higher than the control group, and the abdominal circumference of the preterm group was similar to the control group. Conclusions From the prevention of low birth weight during pregnancy, the focus is on preventing the occurrence of premature infants. If we can avoid premature birth, we can completely avoid the low birth weight infants caused by premature labor. At 21 weeks of pregnancy, we should pay attention to the risk factors of pregnant women and fetal organs Intrauterine growth retardation related factors, who have the risk factors to strengthen custody; B-test fetus biparietal diameter, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, uterine height, abdominal circumference values ​​are important indicators of pregnancy can not be ignored.