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作为全球化的必然结果,纵向一体化对产品生产、加工与销售区域的人类与景观产生了巨大影响。无论是地处美国的中部,还是地处阿根廷的南部,促使当地人无法立足的农业类型均是家庭规模的市场化生产。家户式的生产模式通常会趋于多样化。从20世纪40年代到20世纪90年代中期,地处美国艾奥瓦州家庭式生猪生产商和位于阿根廷里奥内格罗省的家庭式苹果生产商,均由于纵向一体化的全球公司而从多方销售的独立生产商变为无法立足。它们对纵向一体化各种方式的抵制,证明了中心地区和半外围地区存在的各种可能性,也展示了可以怎样动员市场、国家和公民社会来创造和控制各种可供选择的农产品市场网络。由于造成家族式企业主要弱点的原因各不相同,里奥内格罗省面临的是劳动力问题,而艾奥瓦州面临的则是环境问题,纵向一体化的机制在两地的实施也有所不同。因此,跨国公司采取不同的战略来实现对价值链的最大限度控制,同时最大限度地减少负债。在两种环境下,跨国公司都试图既实行直接控制也实行分包,并通过分包减少抵制。对保留识别产品(identity-preserved products)分销的备选价值链进行正规化,为持续不断的抵制提供了一种结构。然而,反对更具持续性的结构的统治体制发挥了作用,阻挡了会给当地居民和生产商更多选择的政策。
As a corollary of globalization, vertical integration has had a dramatic impact on humankind and landscapes in the production, processing and marketing of products. Whether in the center of the United States or in the south of Argentina, the types of agriculture that are unaffordable to locals are market-based, family-size production. Household-type production patterns tend to be more diversified. From the 1940s to the mid-1990s, home-grown pig producers in Iowa, USA, and home-based apple producers in Rio Negro, Argentina, all grew out of vertically integrated global companies Independent producers that sell on a multi-vendor basis become untenable. Their resistance to the vertical integration of various modes has proved the various possibilities existing in the central and semi-peripheral areas as well as demonstrated how it is possible to mobilize markets, countries and civil society to create and control a wide range of alternative agricultural markets The internet. Due to the different causes of the main weaknesses of the familial firms, Rio Negro faces labor issues and Ia Oa faces environmental problems, while the vertical integration mechanism varies between the two places . As a result, multinationals adopt different strategies to maximize their control over the value chain while minimizing their liabilities. Under both circumstances, TNCs are trying to implement both direct control and subcontracting and reduce sub-contracting through subcontracting. The formalization of alternative value chains for the distribution of identity-preserved products provides a structure for ongoing boycott. However, the opposition to a more sustainable structure of the ruling regime has served to block the policy that will give local residents and producers more choices.