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研究不同施氮量、不同施肥时期对玉米产量与氮素利用的影响,对玉米干物质生产、氮素积累与分配进行分析。结果表明,施氮量为180 kg/hm2时,产量表现为基施处理最高,较拔节期、大喇叭口期施肥处理分别提高1.17%、7.69%;施氮量为75 kg/hm2时,拔节期施肥处理产量最高,较基施、大喇叭口期施肥处理分别提高10.31%、4.61%。大喇叭口期施肥处理的干物质积累与氮素积累量少,氮肥利用效率低,说明氮肥后移需考虑植株前期对氮素的需要。拔节期施肥处理产量与基施处理产量和氮素积累量相当或提高,植株干物质积累增加,冠层内茎叶干物质比例协调,生育后期穗下层茎叶干物重下降缓慢,氮素利用效率高。施氮量为75 kg/hm2,氮肥适当后移可提高氮肥利用率。
The effects of different N rates and different fertilization periods on the yield and nitrogen utilization of maize were studied. The dry matter production, nitrogen accumulation and distribution in maize were analyzed. The results showed that when the nitrogen application rate was 180 kg / hm2, the yield was the highest in basal application, 1.17% and 7.69% higher than that in jointing and bolls, respectively. When the nitrogen application was 75 kg / hm2, The highest yield of fertilization was 10.31% and 4.61% higher than that of basal application and loudspeaker. Large trumpet stage fertilization treatment of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation less nitrogen use efficiency is low, indicating that nitrogen fertilizer need to consider the late plant nitrogen needs. The grain yield at the jointing stage was similar to or increased with the N accumulation and the dry matter accumulation in the canopy. The dry matter weight of the stems and leaves in the canopy decreased slowly during late growth stage. The nitrogen use efficiency high. The amount of nitrogen application was 75 kg / hm2, nitrogen fertilizer appropriate after the shift can increase nitrogen utilization.