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垄断与竞争经营相比较是否低效率,政府干预是否可以改善垄断的福利水平,这是两个不同的问题。价格高于边际成本涉及的是后一个问题,不是前一个问题,而且根本不能用哈伯格三角形来说明垄断与竞争经营相比较是否低效率。本质上,垄断的社会成本乃是垄断产业组织的成本,必须从替代性产业组织之选择的角度考察垄断的成本特性。垄断的效率特征不是拿它与并不真实存在的完全竞争相比较来得到说明,而是要在各种替代性产业组织的比较中得到说明。效率不仅具有条件依存的特性,而且具有一般均衡的特性。我们面临的不仅是交易费用的约束,更是能不能一般地又要垄断的避免租值消散、获得有利的成本结构以及提供有效的创新激励这样一些好处,又不要垄断的哈伯格三角形所代表的坏处这样的选择。
Whether monopolization is less efficient than competitive management and whether government intervention can improve the monopoly’s welfare level are two different issues. The latter problem is more important than the marginal cost, not the previous one, and the Haberburg triangle can not at all be used to show whether monopolies are less efficient than competitive ones. In essence, the social cost of monopoly is the cost of monopolizing industrial organization, and the cost characteristics of monopoly must be investigated from the perspective of the choice of alternative industrial organization. The efficiency feature of a monopoly is not illustrated by comparing it to complete competition that does not really exist, but rather by comparison among various alternative industries. Efficiency not only has the characteristics of conditional dependency, but also has the characteristics of general equilibrium. We face not only the constraints of transaction costs, but also the general and monopoly power of avoiding the dissipation of rental values, obtaining a favorable cost structure, and providing some benefits such as effective innovation incentives, without the monopoly of the Haberrer triangle The disadvantages of such a choice.