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目的对承担食品安全风险监测任务的全国各级疾病预防控制中心开展微生物质量控制考核,以评价其对6种食源性致病菌的检验能力。方法 6种质控考核菌株包括单核细胞增生李斯特菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、阪崎肠杆菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌。按照2011和2012年设计的组合,将新鲜培养的致病菌增菌液混合后滴加于灭菌奶粉载体中制成样品。2011年考核制备了6种样品(I~VI),2012年为10种样品(A~J)。运用点分数法对两年结果分别进行满意率评价,率的比较用Pearsonx~2检验或对数似然比x~2检验。结果 2011和2012年考核总体满意率分别为86.5%(268/310)和84.3%(375/445),2011年样品满意率最低的是空白样品VI(68.0%,17/25),2012年满意率最低的是G样品(0.0%,0/8)。2011和2012年考核结果主要漏检的是大肠埃希菌,其中2012年大肠埃希菌漏检率占漏检总数的85.7%(60/70)。2011年非考核菌中漏检最多的是金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌。2012年考核结果主要多检的是金黄色葡萄球菌,占多检总数的36.8%(7/19)。两年的结果均显示大肠埃希菌和阪崎肠杆菌组合样品中,大肠埃希菌的漏检率明显增高。沙门菌和大肠埃希菌的血清分型正确率较低,分别为41.5%(95/229)和45.1%(105/233)。单核细胞增生李斯特菌易错误鉴别成英诺克李斯特菌,蜡样芽胞杆菌易错误鉴别成蕈状芽胞杆菌,阪崎肠杆菌易错误鉴别成河生肠杆菌。结论 80%以上的疾病预防控制中心对6种致病菌的定性检验能力较好,可以满足食品安全风险监测的需求。其中对沙门菌的检验能力最高;金黄色葡萄球菌漏检率较低但易出现多检;大肠埃希菌的检验能力有待提高;阪崎肠杆菌的检验水平较2010年结果有明显提升。
Objective To carry out the assessment of microbial quality control of CDC at all levels in the country that undertakes the task of food safety risk monitoring in order to evaluate its ability to test 6 kinds of food-borne pathogens. Methods Six quality control test strains including Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. According to the combination designed in 2011 and 2012, freshly grown pathogenic bacteria were mixed and added to the sterilized milk powder carrier to make samples. Six samples (I ~ VI) were prepared in 2011 and ten samples (A ~ J) in 2012. Satisfaction rate was evaluated respectively by the point score method and Pearsonx ~ 2 test or log-likelihood ratio x ~ 2 test. Results The overall satisfaction rates in 2011 and 2012 were 86.5% (268/310) and 84.3% (375/445), respectively. The lowest sample satisfaction rate in 2011 was blank sample VI (68.0%, 17/25), which was satisfactory in 2012 The lowest was the G sample (0.0%, 0/8). In 2011 and 2012, the major missed test items were Escherichia coli. Among them, the undetected rate of Escherichia coli in 2012 was 85.7% (60/70) of the total number of missed tests. The most missed missed seizures in 2011 were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The main test results in 2012 were Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 36.8% (7/19) of the total number of multi-seizures. The results of both years showed that the detection rate of Escherichia coli in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter sakazakii combination samples was significantly increased. The correct typing rates of Salmonella and Escherichia coli were 41.5% (95/229) and 45.1% (105/233), respectively. Listeria monocytogenes is easily misidentified as Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus is easily identified as M. Bacillus, and E. sakazakii is easily misidentified as E. coli. Conclusion More than 80% of CDC’s ability to qualitatively test six kinds of pathogens is good, which can meet the needs of food safety risk monitoring. Among them, the test of Salmonella was the highest; the rate of Staphylococcus aureus was low, but the test was easy to occur; the test ability of Escherichia coli to be improved; the test of Enterobacter sakazakii was significantly improved compared with that of 2010.