消费平滑理论经历了凯恩斯的绝对收入假说、库兹涅茨悖论、杜森伯里的相对收入假说、莫迪利安尼的生命周期假说、弗里德曼的持久收入假说、霍尔的随机游走假说、马蒂逊和麦克利尔等的流动性约束、利兰德和泽尔德斯等的预防性储蓄假说等理论演进。通过梳理古典经济学时期的消费平滑思想及其当代消费平滑理论使我们进一步加深了对消费平滑理论的认识:第一,绝对收入假说标志着现代消费理论的兴起,收入与消费的关系成为消费理论研究的核心;第二,生命周期假说认为消费者为实现消费平滑,持久性收入决定消费者的支出决策;第三,把消费理论从确定性条件推进至不确定性条件,提出消费者根据当期关于未来收入贴现和的预期与上一期的预期值之差对消费进行调整。未来的消费平滑理论研究可从以下几个方面进行:第一,将区域因素纳入到消费平滑的理论框架;第二,将精准扶贫纳入到消费平滑的影响研究;第三,将惯性平滑与家庭投资金融资产纳入到消费平滑的理论框架。 Consumption smoothing theory has undergone Keynes’s absolute income hypothesis, Kuznets’s paradox, Dusenberg’s relative income hypothesis, Modigliani’s life cycle hypothesis, Friedman’s long-lasting income hypothesis, Hall’s random tour Take the hypothesis, such as the liquidity constraints of Matisseon and McClelre, the preventive saving hypothesis of Leland and Zelders, and other theories evolve. By combing the thought of consumption smoothing in classical economics and its contemporary consumption smoothness theory, we further deepen our understanding of the theory of consumption smoothness. First, the absolute income hypothesis marks the rise of modern consumption theory. The relationship between income and consumption becomes the theory of consumption The core of the research; second, the life-cycle hypothesis that consumers in order to achieve consumer spending smooth, long-lasting income decisions consumer spending decisions; third, the consumer theory from the deterministic conditions to the uncertainty of the conditions that consumers based on the current Adjustments are made for the difference between the expected future discounted income and the expected value of the previous period. The future research on the theory of consumer smoothing can be carried out in the following aspects: first, incorporating regional factors into the theoretical framework of consumer smoothness; second, incorporating precision poverty alleviation into the study of the effects of consumer spending smoothness; thirdly, Investment in financial assets into the smooth consumption of the theoretical framework.