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北京地区初步育成了第一批株高80厘米上下,抗倒伏,兼抗条、叶锈病,中熟、熟相正常的半矮秆丰产新品系,可望投入生产利用。主要经验体会如下:(一)狠抓矮秆目标,见矮就选,去粗求精,逐步提高。(二)自力更生创造“矮源”,并及时加工利用。其中以蚰包麦(半矮)/有芒白2号(高)这个组合的半矮秆半成品表现较好,随即取其 F_3、F_4优良选系与抗病、有丰产潜力的“洛类”品种(如山前麦、洛夫林13等)进行第二轮杂交,从而较为顺利地解决了矮化与“早衰”、抗病等的矛盾。(三)配置组合时自以矮/矮为上策,但如果材料不具备,也可采用中/中(如京双号×山前麦等),甚至中/高(如洛夫林13×有芒白4号等)的组合,因为在我们的实践中,超矮亲遗传相当普遍。如果配置早代复交,矮秆亲本的比重最好不少于1/2,其中矮/丰//矮/抗的方式要比丰/抗//矮为好,因为前者有可能在复交第一代就分离出矮秆植株。(四)对部分半矮秆株系进行单株产量因素的相关分析表明,穗粒数与穗粒重的相关比千粒重与穗粒重的相关为显著,而穗粒数的遗传力又不及千粒重的遗传力为高,因此今后选样单株的丰产性时,对这两个性状应统筹兼顾,不要过分强调粒重的问题。
The first batch of bred new strains of semi-dwarf with high plant height of 80 cm in height, lodging resistance, resistance to tubers, leaf rust, medium maturity and ripe phase in Beijing area are expected to be put into production and utilization. The main experience is as follows: (a) pay close attention to dwarf targets, see the short election, to rough refinement, and gradually increase. (B) self-reliance to create “dwarf source”, and timely processing and utilization. Among them, the semi-dwarf semi-finished products with the combination of Baomei (semi-dwarf) and Man-bai No. 2 (high) performed well, and then took the F_3 and F_4 excellent selection lines and disease- Varieties (such as Pima County, Lovelin 13, etc.) for the second round of hybridization, which more smoothly to solve the dwarf and “premature aging”, disease resistance and other conflicts. (C) from the combination of short / short arrangement is the best policy, but if the material does not have, you can also use medium / medium (such as Beijing double number × Pianshan Mai, etc.), or medium / high (such as Lovelin 13 × Mans White No. 4, etc.), because in our practice, dwarf heredity is quite common. If the configuration of the early complex, the proportion of dwarf parents is best not less than 1/2, which dwarf / abundance // short / anti-resistance than the abundance / anti-short, because the former is likely to resume the first On behalf of the dwarf plants isolated. (D) The correlation analysis of the yield per plant of some semi-dwarf lines showed that the correlation between the number of grains per spike and the weight of grains per spike was significant, but the heritability of grains per plant was less than that of 1000-grain weight Of the heritability is high, so the next sample of the high yield of the plant, the two traits should be balanced, do not overemphasis on weight issues.