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基于USLE和GIS空间分析技术,对安徽省土壤侵蚀空间分布进行了定量研究,分析了土壤侵蚀空间分布与地形、土壤类型、土地利用方式的关系。结果表明:安徽省2002年平均土壤侵蚀模数为249.5t/km2.a,土壤侵蚀总量为33599148t/a。土壤侵蚀空间分布呈块状分布特征。淮北平原地区土壤侵蚀较弱,皖南丘陵山区和皖西大别山区土壤侵蚀较严重。在不同高程带上,200～500m高程带土壤侵蚀最强;不同坡度等级中,15°～25°坡度上的土壤侵蚀最强,>35°坡地上则较弱;不同坡向中,东南坡土壤侵蚀最强,其次是东坡;不同用地类型的土壤侵蚀程度不同,草地的土壤侵蚀最为严重,其次是林地;在各种土壤类型中,紫色土和黄褐土的土壤侵蚀最为突出,棕壤的土壤侵蚀微弱。
Based on the USLE and GIS spatial analysis techniques, the spatial distribution of soil erosion in Anhui Province was quantitatively studied. The relationship between spatial distribution of soil erosion and topography, soil types and land use patterns was analyzed. The results showed that the average soil erosion modulus in Anhui Province in 2002 was 249.5t / km2.a, and the total soil erosion was 33599148t / a. Spatial distribution of soil erosion showed massive distribution. Soil erosion in the plain of Huaibei is weak, soil erosion is more serious in hilly areas in southern Anhui and Dabie Mountains in western Anhui. In different elevation zones, the soil erosion was the strongest in the range of 200-500 m; in the different grades, the soil erosion was the strongest in the slope of 15 ° -25 °, but weaker in the slope of> 35 °; in the different slopes, the southeast slope Soil erosion is the strongest, followed by the east slope. The soil erosion of different land use types is different, grassland soil erosion is the most serious, followed by forest land. Among all kinds of soil types, purple soil and yellow cinnamon soil have the most prominent soil erosion. Brown Soil erosion is weak.